This ppt describes the important challenges faced by urbanising India and how urban planning can address the social and physical determinants of Health

1. Rise of non-communicable diseases and role of urban planning in India Dr. Amit Samarth 1

3. Rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs)

4. Role of urban environment as a important determinant of health

5. Healthy urban planning

6. Strategies to reduce NCDs by improving urban environment

7. Way forward2

9. Urban population – from 286 million to 575 million

10. Increase in urban population will almost account for two-thirds of population increase

11. Slum dwelling population is also increasing - major contributor

12. Growth due to natural increase

13. More than 40% population will be living in the urban areas by 2026

14. Change in population dynamics of India - major implication for health and well being 3

16. Diabetic capital of the world

17. High prevalence of Hypertension

18. Obesity and overweight is on the rise

19. Nutrition transition

20. More than 50 percent deaths occur in India due to cardiovascular diseases

21. The vehicular traffic major contributor towards air pollution

22. Air pollutants a major risk factor for NCDs

23. Increasing Road traffic accidents

24. Climate changeReference – Report of National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, 2005 4

26. Health is determined by – conditions in which we live

27. Cities play a major role in providing the facilities and infrastructure that determine human health

28. Important role to address health and socio-economic inequities

29. 2008 - a landmark in the history of human civilisation as more people started living in the urban areas than in rural areas

30. WHO has made ‘Urban Health’ as its theme for World Health Day for the year 2010

31. Role in climate change – human activities in cities5

33. Healthy urban planning is a process to bring WHO’s core strategy of ‘Health for all’ into reality

34. Inter-sectoral collaborative approach

35. Approach to understand and modify the social and physical determinants of health

36. Integrates human and environmental health at all the levels of policy and decision making

37. Major influence on risk factors for non-communicable

38. Potential to address climate change and sustainable development

39. Urban planning scenario in India – presently weak6

40. 7 Community Basic services Information & Education Housing Good water quality Healthcare services Sanitation Education and employment Government services Social & Cultural activities Waste management Good air quality Healthy Urban Population Healthy Urban Environment Agricultural produce Green Spaces Cheap Safe buildings Cheap and nutritious Efficient transport Mechanism Safe Roads Access to local food Clean Infrastructure Nutrition Energy

42. Improving air quality

43. Improving nutrition 8

44. Community Promote walking and Cycling Information & Education Cycling tracks Green spaces Parking facilities for bicycles Ensuring safety Social marketing through outdoor media Trees along roads and footpaths Community Awareness Safe footpaths Increased Physical Activity Proper signages & illumination Exercise facilities in parks Easy access to urban transport Easy access to services and facilities Change rooms & toilets Provide sports Equipment Priority to pedestrian & cyclist Public Gymnasiums Safe design Integrated development of roads, transport & facilities Promoting Exercise and sports Infrastructure Roads 9

45. Community Traffic management Congestion charges Social marketing through outdoor media Green spaces Use of technology Remove vehicles using old technology Information & Education on air pollution Reduction of use of private vehicles and air pollution Restrict number of new vehicles sold High quality urban transport Least priority to private vehicles Reduce subsidies on fuel Tighten air pollution norms Green buffer zones Limit parking for cars & motorcycles Policies Infrastructure 10

47. discouraging use of private vehicles

48. Facilitate more walking and cycling

49. Reduce carbon emissions and air pollutants

50. Improve air quality

51. Increased physical activity

52. Reduce obesity

53. Reduced levels of cardiovascular diseases

54. Reduced respiratory diseases

55. Improved social capital

56. Reduce road traffic accidents

57. Mitigate climate change11

58. Community Promote urban agriculture Urban agricultural extension services Land rights Social marketing through outdoor media Waste and Wastewater management Employment generation Information & Education on nutrition Effective marketing strategies Restrict processed food advertising Improved urban nutrition Appropriate Agriculture policies Restrict number of fast food restaurants Easy access of local produce into local markets Plan and develop local markets Reduce subsidies on fuel Infrastructure Promote local agriculture produce 12

60. Cheaper agricultural produce

61. Reduced carbon emissions

62. Local markets

63. Urban agriculture

64. Promote locally grown food

65. Provide healthy food options and information

66. Restrict fast food restaurants and advertising

67. Reduced obesity

68. Reduced levels of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes

69. Mitigate climate change

70. Sustainable development13

72. Appropriate policies, programmes and plans – can address the risk factors for NCDs

73. Political commitment

74. Financial resources

75. Collaboration among experts from different sectors

76. Continuous research and knowledge generation

77. Citizen consultation

78. Education and awareness – active and responsible citizens14