2. Geografical
distrubtion
Far East
•
•
•
•
Malaysia
Indonesia
India
China

3. Lymphatic tissue of
Habitat
IH
RH
upper limps and
mammary gland
Mansoni ,Anopheles
and Aedes
Mokey and cats

4. 



Adult is similar to W.
bancrofti but smaller
Similar to that of
W.bancrofti but differs
in
Nocturnal periodicity
2a.m-10a.m
Size ;200x8micro M
Tail end; with nuclei
Microfilaria

6. G.
distribution
Habitat
DH
West Africa especially
Cameron
Loose subcutaneous tissue
Man
IH
Chrysops fly
RH
Monkeys and Rodents

8. Morphology
A dult
Similar to
W.bancrofti but
smaller (3-6 cm)
Simple head with
no lips
The cuticle is
covered with small
posses except at
head and tail

9. Microfilaria
•Size;250x8
micro M
•Tight sheath
•Angular curves
•Tail full of nuclei
•Appears in blood in day
time

10. •
•
•
•
Loiasis and calaber swelling
Adult worm migrates through
conjunctiva ,cornea & subcutaneous
connective tissue proving allergic
reaction then
irritation,itching&creeping sensation
Invation CNS encephalitis
Arthritis

11. •
•
•
•
Due to allergic reaction to the
worm metabolites
Rapid swelling appear for 2-3
days then disappear
About 2-3 cm in size
Localized,hard,non pitting
,painful swelling observed on
the wrists and ankles

12. Clinical
Laboratary

13. •
•
Observation of adult
worm,under
conjunctiva or over
the nose bridge
History of calaber
swelling

14. •
•
•
Demonstration of
microfilaria in blood
at day time
Serological tests
Esinophilia

15. •Antihistaminc,antibiotics
&corticosteroid
•Diethyl –carbamazin citrate
•Ivermectin
•Surgical removal of adult worms from the
conjunctiva

16. •Mass
treatment of patient
•Control of Chryysops
•Health education

18. •
•
•
•
•
Tropical Africa
Sudan
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Central Africa

19. •Subcutaneous
tissue over bony brominances
•Microfilaria doesnot reach the circulation.they
are present in the dermis,subcutaneous
nodules,all chamber of the eye and they are
non periodic

20. DH
IH
Man
Black flies

21. male
female
microfilaria

23. Cutaneous lesions
Eye lesions

24. •Onchocerca
nodules or tumor
•The skin over the nodules show sever
dermatitis and intense itching
•The lymph node in femoral triangle is
enlarged

25. •Due
to immunologic response to
microfiraria
•River blindness
•Keratitis
•Iridocyclitis
•Blindness
•Degeerative changes and optic
neuritis

26. laboratory
clinical
direct
indirect

27. •Excision
of the nodule
•Hartrazan
•Ivermectin

28. •Mass
nodulectomy in endemic areas
•Elimination of the vectors by application of
insecticides in the running water
•Mass treatment with Ivermectin