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Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science

  ∞ What are we talking about?
    What are we talking about?  
             Science Journalism, Tech Journalism, Innovation Journalism, Science Pop…

  ∞ Which Role Does (and Should) the Media Play in Terms of Innovation?
    Which Role Does (and Should) the Media Play in Terms of Innovation? 
             Fostering Readiness for Technological Change and Knowledge transfer…

  ∞ Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication?
    Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication?
             Hiring Practices, Convergence, Blogging, Open Access…



    Alexander Gerber‐Crawford  (agc@innovisions‐magazin.de)          International Conference
    Editor‐in‐Chief, InnoVisions                                     Technology, Innovation and the Media
    Berlin / Germany                                                 Innovation Days, Lisbon, 20th June 2009




   Page1



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science

  ∞ What are we talking about?
    What are we talking about?  

  Today: more than 100 so‐called science programmes in German Television

                                                                   Average number of 
                                                                   science programms being 
                                                                   scheduled in any week




                                                                   CHECK OUT:
                                                                   Multinational EU research project 
                                                                   „
                                                                   „Audio Visual Science Audiences“,
                                                                                                   ,
                                                                   co‐ordinated by Dr. Markus Lehmkuhl, 
                                                                   TU Berlin / Germany
                                                                    www.polsoz.fu‐berlin.de/en/kommwiss/v/avsa/index.html




   Page2



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
   Study of European TV prime‐time news programs in five countries:
    S i
     Science only a marginal topic: Among the 2676 news stories analyzed within two weeks, there were
                l         i lt i A          th 2676           t i      l d ithi t           k th
     45 Sci‐Tech topics (less than 2% of stories / airtime) compared to e.g. 260 crime topics (9,7%)
    Number and airtime of science‐related stories have increased: approximately times 4 since 1989.

                                                                                                        Airtime of news 
                                                                                                        by topic [seconds]




                  CHECK OUT:
                  León, Benvenido:  Science‐related information in European television: 
                  León Ben enido Science related information in E ropean tele ision
                  a study of prime‐time news. In: Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 17, 2008: 443 ‐ 460.
                  pus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/4/443




   Page3



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
   We should differentiate between different disciplines and formats:

    Science journalism             Science formats

    Tech journalism                Knowledge formats

    Science pop                    Entertainment formats

    Innovation journalism  Business formats
     Innovation journalism   Business formats




   Page4



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
    Science formats:  Covering recent developments in a specific area or scientific institution.
           Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance. 
           Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance
           Information about Science – IS

    Knowledge formats:  Science is merely used to explain everyday‐life.
           Topics (mostly Health and Media) are selected due to their practical relevance to everyone’s life. 
           Public Understanding of Science (and Humanities) – PUSH

    Entertainment formats: Science is being staged
     Entertainment formats:  Science is being staged.
     Topics are selected due to their “dramatic” potential, and the audience / readers often experience the 
     solution of a supposed “mystery”. The plot dominates matter / message.
     Public Entertainment by Science and Technology – PEST

    Business formats:  Science as a first step in new value chains / as a source of knowledge for future 
     products and improvements. Topics are selected due to their potential economic impact.
     Fostering Innovation though Science and Technology –
     Fostering Innovation though Science and Technology FIST




   Page5



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
    Science formats:  Covering recent developments in a specific area or scientific institution.
           Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance. 
           Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance
           Information about Science – IS

    Knowledge formats:  Science is merely used to explain everyday‐life.
           Topics (mostly Health and Media) are selected due to their practical relevance to everyone’s life. 
           Public Understanding of Science (and Humanities) – PUSH

    Entertainment formats: Science is being staged
     Entertainment formats:  Science is        staged.
     Topics are selected due to their “dramatic” potential, and the audience / readers often experience the 
     solution of a supposed “mystery”. The plot dominates matter / message.
     Public Entertainment by Science and Technology – PEST

    Business formats:  Science as a first step in new value chains / as a source of knowledge for future 
     products and improvements. Topics are selected due to their potential economic impact.
     Fostering Innovation though Science and Technology FIST
               Innovation though Science and Technology –




   Page6



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  ∞ Which Role Does the Media Play in Terms of Innovation? 
                                                                          1 out of 4 Europeans believes, that only 
                                                                          genetically modified tomates contain 
                                                                          genes, whereas non GM tomatoes do not.
                                                                          genes, whereas non‐GM tomatoes do not.
                                                                          Almost every second European believes 
                                                                          that human genes function differently 
                                                                          from those in animals.
                                                                          from those in animals.


               CHECK OUT:
               Gaskell, G. et al.:  Europeans and Biotechnology  Patterns and Trends.  
               Gaskell, G. et al.: Europeans and Biotechnology – Patterns and Trends.
               In: Final Report on Eurobarometer, Vol. 64.3, 2006.
               ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_244b_en.pdf



               CHECK OUT:
               Gerber‐Crawford, Alexander: Antennen müssen auf Empfang stehen.  
               In: Wissenschaftsmanagement,  Vol. 4, 2008: 20‐29.



   Page7



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science

                                                                                                             79 % of Germans are „proud“ of the scientific 
                                                                                                             achievements of their country, whereas only 
                                                                                                             11% realise that technological progress is 
                                                                                                             important for the standing in world economy.
                                                                                                             i     t t f th t di i             ld

                                                                                                             89 % of the Germans support R&D in renewable 
                                                                                                             energies, whereas 46 % object to biotech 
                                                                                                                 g                      j
                                                                                                             research for vegetables that keep fresh longer.

                                                                                                             “Readiness for change” is distinctly lower among 
                                                                                                             teachers, politicians and journalists.
                                                                                                             teachers politicians and journalists


              CHECK OUT:
              Niedermann, Dr. Anne: Wie innovationsfreudig ist die Bevölkerung?
              Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach, 6.5.2009.
               www.medien‐netzwerk‐deutschland.de/fileadmin/user_upload/muenchen/Praesentationen_060509/Niedermann.pdf




   Page8



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  ∞ Which Role Does the Media Play in Terms of Innovation? 

  Is the media aware of how much they shape technology adoption and public readiness for change?
  Is it still  impartial to overemphasise risks of new technologies at the expense of their opportunities? 
  Is it still “impartial” to overemphasise risks of new technologies at the expense of their opportunities?
  Does partial coverage constrain innovation and, therefore, harm the economy?


                          And if so:  How can we change this?
                                      It is actually changing already!




   Page9



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science

   Jobs are being lost in editorial offices and increased in press offices.
         are being lost in editorial offices and increased in press offices.
   Workload of those journalists that remain are on the rise.
   Science blogs /sites are growing apace in both number and readership.
   P
    Portals gather up to 100 science blogs and thus grow in importance.
         l     h         100 i       bl      d h         i i
                                     NATURE survey among 
                                     493 science journalists 
                                     (2009)




                                     CHECK OUT:
                                     Brumfiel, Geoff: Supplanting the old media? 
                                     In: NATURE, Vol. 458, 2009: 274 277
                                     In: NATURE, Vol. 458, 2009: 274‐277
                                      tinyurl.com/c38kp6  ‐‐ www.nature.com/news/2009/090318/pdf/458274a.pdf




  Page10



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  ∞ Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication?
   Jobs are being lost in editorial offices and increased in press offices.
   Workload of those journalists that remain are on the rise.
   Science blogs /sites are growing apace in both number and readership
    Science blogs /sites are growing apace in both number and readership.
   Portals gather up to 100 science blogs and thus grow in importance.
   Corporate publishing sees much more innovation coverage by institutions and industry.
   Science Campaigns l k h “
                      like the “Year of Physics” are growing both in number and budget.
                                      f h      ”             b h        b     db d
   Open Access is rapidly growing in importance (already almost 20% of all the journals).
   Open Innovation and Crowdsourcing fundamentally transform the concept of technology transfer.




  Page11



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  …and the Consequences:
   Jobs, PR, Workload and Corporate publishing:
    Direct influence of science on the media increases
    Impartial reporting further decreases
      Impartial reporting further decreases

   Blogs, Portals and Science Campaigns:
    Make more first‐hand information available
    Transform Information into interaction / dialogue
    Show innovation processes and not just research results
    Substitute reporting by opinion
      Substitute reporting by opinion

   Open Access and Open Innovation:
    Challenge existing business models of publishers
    Require new and interactive media formats
    Mass media and scientific journals increasingly interact 
                            p
     in the construction of public controversies.
  Page12



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media:
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science
  Far More than Public Understanding of Science

            What are we talking about?  
             What are we talking about?
             Science Journalism, Tech Journalism, Innovation Journalism, Science Pop…

            Which Role Does (and Should) the Media Play in Terms of Innovation? 
                              (           )              y
             Fostering Readiness for Technological Change and knowledge transfer…

            Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication? 
             Hiring Practices, Convergence, Blogging, Open Access…




    Alexander Gerber‐Crawford  (agc@innovisions‐magazin.de) 
    Editor‐in‐Chief, InnoVisions
     d         h f
    Berlin / Germany




  Page13



 2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford

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Innovation In The Media

  • 1. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science ∞ What are we talking about? What are we talking about?   Science Journalism, Tech Journalism, Innovation Journalism, Science Pop… ∞ Which Role Does (and Should) the Media Play in Terms of Innovation? Which Role Does (and Should) the Media Play in Terms of Innovation?  Fostering Readiness for Technological Change and Knowledge transfer… ∞ Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication? Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication? Hiring Practices, Convergence, Blogging, Open Access… Alexander Gerber‐Crawford  (agc@innovisions‐magazin.de)  International Conference Editor‐in‐Chief, InnoVisions Technology, Innovation and the Media Berlin / Germany Innovation Days, Lisbon, 20th June 2009 Page1  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 2. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science ∞ What are we talking about? What are we talking about?   Today: more than 100 so‐called science programmes in German Television Average number of  science programms being  scheduled in any week CHECK OUT: Multinational EU research project  „ „Audio Visual Science Audiences“, , co‐ordinated by Dr. Markus Lehmkuhl,  TU Berlin / Germany www.polsoz.fu‐berlin.de/en/kommwiss/v/avsa/index.html Page2  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 3. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science Study of European TV prime‐time news programs in five countries:  S i Science only a marginal topic: Among the 2676 news stories analyzed within two weeks, there were l i lt i A th 2676 t i l d ithi t k th 45 Sci‐Tech topics (less than 2% of stories / airtime) compared to e.g. 260 crime topics (9,7%)  Number and airtime of science‐related stories have increased: approximately times 4 since 1989. Airtime of news  by topic [seconds] CHECK OUT: León, Benvenido:  Science‐related information in European television:  León Ben enido Science related information in E ropean tele ision a study of prime‐time news. In: Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 17, 2008: 443 ‐ 460. pus.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/4/443 Page3  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 4. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science We should differentiate between different disciplines and formats:  Science journalism  Science formats  Tech journalism  Knowledge formats  Science pop  Entertainment formats  Innovation journalism  Business formats Innovation journalism Business formats Page4  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 5. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science  Science formats:  Covering recent developments in a specific area or scientific institution. Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance.  Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance Information about Science – IS  Knowledge formats:  Science is merely used to explain everyday‐life. Topics (mostly Health and Media) are selected due to their practical relevance to everyone’s life.  Public Understanding of Science (and Humanities) – PUSH  Entertainment formats: Science is being staged Entertainment formats:  Science is being staged. Topics are selected due to their “dramatic” potential, and the audience / readers often experience the  solution of a supposed “mystery”. The plot dominates matter / message. Public Entertainment by Science and Technology – PEST  Business formats:  Science as a first step in new value chains / as a source of knowledge for future  products and improvements. Topics are selected due to their potential economic impact. Fostering Innovation though Science and Technology – Fostering Innovation though Science and Technology FIST Page5  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 6. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science  Science formats:  Covering recent developments in a specific area or scientific institution. Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance.  Topics (the whole range) are selected due to their actual and scientific relevance Information about Science – IS  Knowledge formats:  Science is merely used to explain everyday‐life. Topics (mostly Health and Media) are selected due to their practical relevance to everyone’s life.  Public Understanding of Science (and Humanities) – PUSH  Entertainment formats: Science is being staged Entertainment formats:  Science is staged. Topics are selected due to their “dramatic” potential, and the audience / readers often experience the  solution of a supposed “mystery”. The plot dominates matter / message. Public Entertainment by Science and Technology – PEST  Business formats:  Science as a first step in new value chains / as a source of knowledge for future  products and improvements. Topics are selected due to their potential economic impact. Fostering Innovation though Science and Technology FIST Innovation though Science and Technology – Page6  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 7. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science ∞ Which Role Does the Media Play in Terms of Innovation?  1 out of 4 Europeans believes, that only  genetically modified tomates contain  genes, whereas non GM tomatoes do not. genes, whereas non‐GM tomatoes do not. Almost every second European believes  that human genes function differently  from those in animals. from those in animals. CHECK OUT: Gaskell, G. et al.:  Europeans and Biotechnology  Patterns and Trends.   Gaskell, G. et al.: Europeans and Biotechnology – Patterns and Trends. In: Final Report on Eurobarometer, Vol. 64.3, 2006. ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_244b_en.pdf CHECK OUT: Gerber‐Crawford, Alexander: Antennen müssen auf Empfang stehen.   In: Wissenschaftsmanagement,  Vol. 4, 2008: 20‐29. Page7  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 8. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science 79 % of Germans are „proud“ of the scientific  achievements of their country, whereas only  11% realise that technological progress is  important for the standing in world economy. i t t f th t di i ld 89 % of the Germans support R&D in renewable  energies, whereas 46 % object to biotech  g j research for vegetables that keep fresh longer. “Readiness for change” is distinctly lower among  teachers, politicians and journalists. teachers politicians and journalists CHECK OUT: Niedermann, Dr. Anne: Wie innovationsfreudig ist die Bevölkerung? Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach, 6.5.2009. www.medien‐netzwerk‐deutschland.de/fileadmin/user_upload/muenchen/Praesentationen_060509/Niedermann.pdf Page8  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 9. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science ∞ Which Role Does the Media Play in Terms of Innovation?  Is the media aware of how much they shape technology adoption and public readiness for change? Is it still  impartial to overemphasise risks of new technologies at the expense of their opportunities?  Is it still “impartial” to overemphasise risks of new technologies at the expense of their opportunities? Does partial coverage constrain innovation and, therefore, harm the economy? And if so:  How can we change this? It is actually changing already! Page9  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 10. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science  Jobs are being lost in editorial offices and increased in press offices. are being lost in editorial offices and increased in press offices.  Workload of those journalists that remain are on the rise.  Science blogs /sites are growing apace in both number and readership.  P Portals gather up to 100 science blogs and thus grow in importance. l h 100 i bl d h i i NATURE survey among  493 science journalists  (2009) CHECK OUT: Brumfiel, Geoff: Supplanting the old media?  In: NATURE, Vol. 458, 2009: 274 277 In: NATURE, Vol. 458, 2009: 274‐277 tinyurl.com/c38kp6  ‐‐ www.nature.com/news/2009/090318/pdf/458274a.pdf Page10  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 11. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science ∞ Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication?  Jobs are being lost in editorial offices and increased in press offices.  Workload of those journalists that remain are on the rise.  Science blogs /sites are growing apace in both number and readership Science blogs /sites are growing apace in both number and readership.  Portals gather up to 100 science blogs and thus grow in importance.  Corporate publishing sees much more innovation coverage by institutions and industry.  Science Campaigns l k h “ like the “Year of Physics” are growing both in number and budget. f h ” b h b db d  Open Access is rapidly growing in importance (already almost 20% of all the journals).  Open Innovation and Crowdsourcing fundamentally transform the concept of technology transfer. Page11  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 12. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science …and the Consequences: Jobs, PR, Workload and Corporate publishing:  Direct influence of science on the media increases  Impartial reporting further decreases Impartial reporting further decreases Blogs, Portals and Science Campaigns:  Make more first‐hand information available  Transform Information into interaction / dialogue  Show innovation processes and not just research results  Substitute reporting by opinion Substitute reporting by opinion Open Access and Open Innovation:  Challenge existing business models of publishers  Require new and interactive media formats  Mass media and scientific journals increasingly interact  p in the construction of public controversies. Page12  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford
  • 13. Innovation, Science and Technology in the Media: Far More than Public Understanding of Science Far More than Public Understanding of Science  What are we talking about?   What are we talking about? Science Journalism, Tech Journalism, Innovation Journalism, Science Pop…  Which Role Does (and Should) the Media Play in Terms of Innovation?  ( ) y Fostering Readiness for Technological Change and knowledge transfer…  Are we ready for the Fundamental Changes taking place in Science Communication?  Hiring Practices, Convergence, Blogging, Open Access… Alexander Gerber‐Crawford  (agc@innovisions‐magazin.de)  Editor‐in‐Chief, InnoVisions d h f Berlin / Germany Page13  2009 Alexander Gerber‐Crawford