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1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
Acampaquinone a Novel Phenanthraquinone Isolated from
the Whole Plant of Acampae praemorsa
V.Anuradha1*,K.Sateesh kumar2, G.Jayalakshmi3
1 Department of BS & H ,Vignan’s Nirula Institute of Technology and Science, Guntur, (A.P.), India.
2. Department of chemistry, A.C. College, Guntur,Andhra Pradesh, India..
3. Department of Chemistry, Vignan Degree College, Guntur,Andhra Pradesh, India.
* E-mail of the corresponding author :var_chemistry@rediffmail.com
Abstract
From the whole plant of Acampae praemorsa belonging to the family Orchidaceae, a novel
phenanthra- quinone derivative was isolated. Its structure was elucidated as 2-hydroxy- 6-methoxy – 1,
4 – phenanthra- quinone on the basis of spectroscopic data. This is the first report of
phenanthraquinone fromAcampae praemorsa.
Keywords:Acampae praemorsa, Orchidaceae, Phenanthraquinone
1. Introduction
In In the course of our investigation on the chemical constituents of some south Indian orchids we
reported the isolation and characterization of a numberof pyrans1-6, pyrones7-11, quinones12, bibenzyls13,
phenantherene carboxylic acids14 and a novel pyrene15. In this paper we report the structural
elucidation of a new phenanthraquinone derivative Acampaquinone from Acampae praemorsa.
1.2 Experimental:
The plant material of Acampae praemorsa was collected in Araku Valley during Nov 2009.
KBr EtoH 1
Mpsuncorr . IR, ν max , UV λ max , HNMR δ ppm
90MHz CDCl3, CC and TLC on silicagel
1.2.1 Extraction and isolation:
The air dried whole plant of Acampae praemorsa was extracted with hexane and methanol. Each
extract was impregnated on minimum amount of silicagel and washed with hexane, benzene, acetone
and methanol. The washes of the two extracts were compared on TLC and similar fractions were
mixed.
The benzene elute of methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography using
hexane, benzene, acetone and methanol. The combined chromatographic benzene elute (21-30) (2gms)
11

2. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
was rechromatographed over a column of silicagel (30gm) using hexane + benzene, benzene + acetone.
The hexane + benzene (8:2) elute upon recrystallisation from benzene yielded violet solid. Further
purification was carried out by preparative TLC. The compound was visible as a violet band and was
purified using PTLC. The compound was eluted with acetone, dried under vacuum and recrystallised
using benzene. On crystallisation the compound was separated as violet needles.
Yield = 7mg; m.p. 2320C
It gave a positive ferric chloride reaction characteristic of a phenol. It gave a pink colour with
methanolic magnesium acetate indicating it to be a hydroxy quinone.
(found C, 71%, H, 4.0%)
(C14H10O4 requires C 70.80%, H 3.91%)
[
UV λmax nm
EtoH
] 220, 270, 300,450 and 520 nm
[λ NaoMe
max nm ] 220, 280, 350 and 440 nm
1
HNMR [(CDCl3)] (ppm) 12.2 (1H,S, - OH), 8.17(2H,S, H-9, H-10) , 6.30(S, 1H, H-3), 4.00 (3H,S-
OCH3), 7.55 (d,1H,J = 9Hz, H-8), 7.45 (dd,1H,J=9, 2.5Hz,H-7), 7.20 (d,1H,J=2.5Hz, H-5)
The compound was identified as 2 – hydroxy, 6-methoxy-1, 4-phenanthraquinone.
1.2.2 Acetylation of compound
4 gm of compound was dissolved in 0.5ml of pyridine and 1ml of acetic anhydride. The mixture was
kept at room temperature for about 36 hours. Excess pyridine was removed under vacuum. The
acetate formed was dissolved in CHCl3 and washed with 0.5% HCl to remove excess pyridine. Then
washed with water, dried overanhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated under vacuum. The residue
obtained was recrystallised by using methanol.
Yield = 3mg, m.p. 180-1820C
(Found, C, 69%, H, 4.1%)
C17H12O5, requires,C, 68.9%, H, 4.05%)
1.3 Results and discussion
12

3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
The Compound melted at 2320C and analyzed for C15H12O4 ([M+] m/z=254). Compound gave a
positive ferric chloride reaction for the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups and Shibata’s test
yielding a pink colour with methanolic magnesium acetate for a hydroxy quinone.
KBr −1
The IR absorption bands at vmax 1620,1637cm indicated the presence of quinone
carbonyls.
UV spectrum exhibited absorption bands at λ EtoH
max 220, 270, 300, 450 and 520nm supported the
presence of a phenanthraquinone system. Alkali induced bathochromic shift from 270 ⇒ 280 and
300 ⇒ 350 nm indicated phenolic nature.
Compound formed an acetate (low melting; analyzed for C17H14O6) on treatment with acetic
anhydride and pyridine for 24hrs at room temperature supported the presence of hydroxyl group. The
molecular formula indicated that it might be a monoacetate.
The 90MHz1HNMR spectrum of compound showed the presence of one methoxyl at
δ 4.00(3H , s ) ppm and one hydroxyl at δ 12.2 (1H, s) ppm. Thus, compound might be a mono-
methoxy-mono-hydroxy-phenanthraquinone.
The singlet signal integrating for two protons at δ 8.17 suggested the presence of 9, 10-dehydro-
phenanthrene skeleton. Hence, the partial structures 1,2,3 and 4 might be proposed for compound.
o
O O
-OMe -OMe
A A
O
-OH -OH
B B
(1) (2)
o
o
o
-OMe -OMe
A A
-OH o
-OH
B B
(4)
(3)
The UV absorption bands at λ EtoH
max 220, 270 300, 450 and 520nm supported the para-quinone structure
for compound and ruled out the ortho-quinone structures (2 to 4) as a long wave length band beyond
λ EtoH
max 520nm was expected for ortho-quinone type of compounds which is not seen in the present
compound.
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4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
The positions of methoxyl and hydroxyl groups were assigned based on the 1HNMR data and mass
spectral
data and on biogenetic considerations.
The characteristic one proton singlet at δ 6.30 ppm due to α protons in quinones indicated that one of
the carbons C-3 or C-2 were substituted. The signal at δ 6.30 might be assigned to H-2 or H-3. The
16
biogenetic consideration (Scheme) indicated that the oxy-substituent might be assigned to C-2 and not
C-3. Hence, the above signal was assigned to H-3.
Biogenetic pathway
HO OH
O O
one cinnamoyl coA 1. cyclisation
O O
+ 2. rearrangement
three malonyl coA 3. decarboxylation
HO HO
OH
O
radical coupling
O HO
1. oxidation at C-1
rearrangement to quinone
OH HO
HO
14

5. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
The three aromatic signals appeared at δ 7.20 (d, 1H, J= 2.5Hz), 7.45 (dd, 1H, J=2.5, 9Hz) and 7.55 (d,
1H, J=9Hz) ppm indicated ABX pattern of protons in B-ring, Thus, the two possible structures (5 and
6) were proposed for compound.
O O
O
O
-H
O -H O
-Me
-Me
O
O
(5) (6)
The hydroxyl group at δ 12.2ppm suggested that the hydroxyl was in close proximity to the carbonyl
carbon. Thus, hydroxyl was allocated to C-2. the allocation of hydroxyl to C-2 was further supported
by the mass spectrum of compound. Thus, the two possible structures for compound were (8) and (7).
OH OH
O O
O O
MeO
OMe
(7) (8)
15

6. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
7 was an already reported quinone, ochrone-B isolated and reported as ochrone-B acetate from
Coelogyne ochracea. The signals assigned for ochrone-B acetate were as shown in 7
OAc
O OH
6.17(s,1H)
O
6.3
O
8.23(d,J=8.5) O
8.17
8.08(d,J=8.5) (2H)
9.67(d,J=9.8)
7.2
7.46(d,J=9.8,2.4) 7.85(d,J=2.4) 7.55
4.0 MeO
7.45
OMe (8)
(7A)
The most downfield signal in the aromatic ABX pattern of protons of compound was observed at
δ 7.55ppm. The most down field signal in ochrone acetate (7A) was at δ 9.67ppm and was allocated
to H-5. The absence of a down field signal in compound and the absence of any co-relation in the
aromatic regions between the chemical shifts of ochrone acetate (7A) and compound indicated that
compound might not be ochrone. This was further supported by the non-super imposable IR and co-
TLC of compound acetate and ochrone acetate. However, as there is no hydroxyl in ring-B, much
chemical shift difference in ring- B protons were not expected between compound and its acetate.
The above discussion suggested the structure 8 for compound which was further supported by the mass
spectrum of compound. Thus, the methoxyl was assigned to C-6 and the signals at δ 7.20 (d, 1H,
J=2.5Hz), 7.45(dd, 1H, J=9,, 2.5 Hz) and 7.55(d, 1H, J=9Hz ) were respectively allocated to H-5, H-7
and H-8 protons based on their coupling constants.
16

7. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
. The allocation was further supported by the fragment ions at m/z239 and m/z169 in the mass
spectrum of compound. The other peaks at m/z197 (10) and m/z183 (40) were due to cleavage a.
The peak at m/z155 might be attributed to [m/z183-CO]. The other significant peaks at
m/z223[M -OCH3], 211[M -CH3-CO], 195[M -OCH3-2CO], 183[M+-CH3-2CO], 167[M+-OCH3-
+ + +
2CO], 155[M+-CH3-3CO or M+-OCH3-68], 142[M+-CH3-CO-69] strongly supported the allocation of
methoxyl at C-6 and hydroxyl at C-2. The peaks at m/z114 and m/z127 were due to 142-CO and 155-
CO respectively which further supported the above allocation.
*
OH
O
O
a
O
+
-Me O
OH
O
+ m/z =169
a m/z =239
O
O
O
+
MeO
+
a
Me + H
M m/z=254
HO
MeO m/z =183
m/z =197
1.4 Conclusion
Thus, compound was assigned the structure 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-phenanthraquinone and named as
acampaquinone. This is a first report from nature and from Acampae praemorsa
1.5 Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the management and the Principal of Vignan
Institutions, Pedapalakaluru, Guntur for providing necessary facilities.
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8. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol 2, No.2, 2012
1.6 References
1. Veerraju, P., Prakasarao, N.S., Jagan MohanRao , L., Jagannada Rao, K.V.J., and Mohan Rao, P.R.
(1989) Phytochemistry, 28:950.
2. Anuradha, V. and Prakasa Rao, N.S. (1994) Phytochemistry, 35(1):273.
3. Anuradha V. and Prakasa Rao, N.S. (1994) Phytochemistry, 37(3):909.
4. Anuradha, V. and Prakasa Rao. N.S. (1998) Phytochemistry, 48(1):181-182.
5. Anuradha, V. and Prakasa Rao. N.S., (1998) Phytochemistry, 48(1):(183-184).
6. Anuradha, V. and Prakasa Rao. N.S. (1998) Phytochemistry, 48(1):(185-186).
7. Uday Bhaskr, M., Jaganmohanrao, L., Prakasa Rao, N.S., JaganadhaRao, K.V.J., and Mohan Rao, P.R.
(1989) Phytochemistry 28:3435.
8. Uday Bhaskr, M., Jaganmohanrao, L., Prakasa Rao, N.S., JaganadhaRao, K.V.J., and Mohan Rao, P.R.
(1991) J. Nat. Prod., 54:386.
9. Veerraju, P., Prakasa Rao, N.S., Jaganmohan Rao,L., Jagannadha Rao,K.V.J., and Mohan Rao, P.R.
(1989) Phytochemistry, 28:3031.
10. Anuradha,V., Prakasa Rao N.S., and Uday Bhaskar, M.,
Phytochemistry, (1994) 36(6):1515.
11. Anuradha, V. L. Kalyani and B. Srikanth. (2011) Asian J.
Research Chem (4), 8 1221-24
12. Anuradha,V., Prakasa Rao N.S., and Uday Bhaskar, M. (1995) Phytochemistry, 39(6):429.
13. Uday Bhaskar, M., Jaganmohan Rao,L. And Prakash Rao
N.S. (1993) Ind.J. of Chemistry, 32B:975-977.
14. Anuradha,V., Prakasa Rao N.S., and Uday Bhaskar, M.
(1994) Phytochemistry, 36(6):1515-1517.
15. Anuradha,V., Prakasa Rao N.S., and Uday Bhaskar, M.
(1994) Phytochemistry, 39(6):1429-1431.
16. R.H. Thomson and Chapman & Hall(1987) London:Naturally Occuring Quinones , 567
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