1. Chapter 9
urinary system terms
By Alex Angelo

2. Urinary
Tract
Infection
UTI
An
infection
that
affects
any
part
of
the
unary
tract.
Most
common
pathogen
is
E
Coli
accounting
for
80%-­‐85%
2nd
most
common
is
Staphylococcus
Saprophyticus

3. Symptoms of UTI"
Burning
during
Urination
lower abdomen
(dysuria)
discomfort"
Frequency
to
urinate
low-grade fever"
Cloudy
or
foul
smelling
pelvic pressure"
urine
Malaise"
Blood
in
urine
"
(hematuria)
"

4. Risk
Factors
for
UTI
Intercourse:
for
young
Urinary
Catheters:
An
women
sexual
unsterile
catheter
can
intercourse
accounts
for
cause
a
UTI
75%
to
90%
of
infections;
Others:
heredity
and
Gender:
Women
are
more
diabetes
can
also
cause
prone
to
UTI
due
to
the
close
proximity
of
the
UTI
urethra
to
the
anus.

5. Diagnosis
and
Treatment
of
UTI
In
most
case
a
diagnosis
Oral
antibiotics
are
used
can
be
made
by
and
clear
up
the
infection
symptoms
alone.
it
a
couple
of
days.
A
Urinalysis
is
used
in
more
complicated
cases.

6. Urine
Culture
UC
A
urine
culture
is
a
Urine
is
collected
laboratory
test
to
detect
midstream
into
a
into
a
the
presence
of
bacteria
container.
Usually
around
in
urine.
2
fl
oz
A
urine
culture
is
used
in
the
diagnosis
of
a
urinary
tract
infection.(UTI)

7. Results
of
a
UC
Normal:
No
presence
of
Abnormal:
Presence
of
bacteria
in
urine.
The
bacteria
in
urine.
A
count
culture
is
negative.
of
100,000
or
more
bacteria
per
a
milliliter
is
an
infection.
A
count
of
100,000
or
less
is
possibly
a
contamination
of
the
sample.

8. Retrograde
Pyelogram
RP
Retrograde
Pyelogram
is
A
retrograde
pyelogram
is
a
uretic
procedure
where
often
used
to
determine
if
a
physician
uses
dye
to
a
kidney
stone
is
blocking
visualize
the
urinary
tract.
the
urinary
tract.

9. Procedure
for
a
RP
Fist
a
local
or
regional
anesthetic
is
applied
to
numb
the
area.
Next
cytoscope
is
insertened
into
the
patients
urethra.
Then
a
catheter
is
inserted
through
the
cytoscope.
Finally
a
dye
is
injected
through
the
cytoscope
and
x-­‐rays
are
taken.

10. Results
of
a
RP
Normal:
Kidneys,
blotter
Abnormal:
The
flow
of
and
ureters
show
now
the
dye
is
blocked.
blockage
and
appear
Revealing
the
location
of
normal
a
stone.

11. Blood
Urea
Nitrogen
BUN
Blood
urea
nitrogen
is
a
A
BUN
is
done
to
test
the
measurement
of
the
function
of
the
kidneys.
amount
of
nitrogen
in
the
blood
stream
in
the
form
of
urea.

12. Procedure
of
a
BUN
First
an
elastic
band
is
wrapped
around
the
upper
arm
to
stop
the
flow
of
blood.
Next
a
sterile
needle
is
inserted
into
the
vain.
Blood
is
collected
through
the
needle
into
a
tube.
Then,
the
needle
is
removed
and
pressure
is
applied
to
the
site.

13. Results
of
a
BUN
Normal:
6-­‐20
milligrams
A
high
reading
may
be
per
deciliter
or
2.1-­‐7.1
caused
by
a
damaged
or
millimoles
per
liter
infected
kidney.
A
low
reading
may
be
caused
by
a
poor
diet
or
a
damaged
liver.

14. Results
of
a
BUN
Normal:
6-­‐20
milligrams
A
high
reading
may
be
per
deciliter
or
2.1-­‐7.1
caused
by
a
damaged
or
millimoles
per
liter
infected
kidney.
A
low
reading
may
be
caused
by
a
poor
diet
or
a
damaged
liver.

15. Acute
Renal
Failure
ARF
Acute
renal
failure
is
a
rapid
lose
of
kidney
function.

16. Symptoms
and
Causes
of
ARF
Fatigue
Perenal:
A
decrease
of
Headaches
blood
flow
to
the
kidney
Loose
of
appetite
Intrinsic:
Damage
to
the
Lower
back
pain
kidney
itself
Postrenal:
An
obstruction
Dehydration
of
the
tract
Irregular
heart
beat

17. Diagnosis
and
treatment
of
ARF
Can
be
detected
by
a
A
patient
my
never
decrease
in
urine
output.
recover
full
renal
function
Blood
can
be
tested
for
and
will
require
dialysis
presence
of
substances
that
are
eliminated
by
the
kidneys.