1. WK2 Agenda
• Art Review, Pimai Buddhist Century?
• Instant Homework Grading (late work -2/wk)
• Discussion
• Cuneiform Emoticon Exercise
• Lecture Mesopotamian and Egyptian Civilization
• Homework and movie club
• “Ramses Wrath of God or Man?” Video
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4. Mesopotamia
Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Literature, Drama
Society Philosophy, Religion Sculpture,
Technology Architecture
10000 BCE Started agriculture
4000-3500 BCE Sumerian
Polytheistic, Anthropomorphic,
Council of the Elders
Pantheistic, Ziggurat of Ur,
Sumerian wheel, Math Post and lintel construction
3300 BCE Gilgamesh ruled the 1st Cuneiform Writing, Gilgamesh Epic
dynasty at Ur, City State Irrigation system
2350 BCE Sargon of Akkad set up the
Palace of Sargon at Khorsabad
1st Empire
(started to use arch), Guardian
of the Gate at Khorsabad
Hittites settled in Anatolia.
2000BCE Later invaded Babylon
Amorite King, Hammurabi
1792-1750 BCE ruled Babylon Hammurabi Code
Assyria empire also covered Asurabanipal built the
1300-626 BCE Babylon biggest library
605-562 BCE Worship Marduk at
ziggurat, Hanging garden of
Kaldian, Nabopolassar and
Babylon, day, year, 12 shift
Nebuchadnezzar II reestablish of 120 minutes
Babylon as the capital
Cyrus II of Persia invaded
Babylon. End of Mesopotamia
and the area became part of
559-530 BCE the Persian empire.
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5. Egypt
Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture Literature and
Society Philosophy, Religion Drama
Technology
5000 BCE Started agriculture in the Nile river
Nomes community Religion: Polytheism,
Menes 1st pharaoh combine Upper theocracy, local court, irrigation,
and lower Egypt: capital at tax, algebra, trade: linen, crystal, Develop Hieroglyphics then
3200-3100 BCE Memphis fur, oil, and papyrus Hieratic
Belief in life after death, Mastaba Osiris: Pyramid
temple, Obelisk, Pyramids text, Coffin text,
2667-2648 BCE: Step Pyramid at The Dispute of a
2686 BCE Saqqara by King Djoser, Sphinx, King Man with his
Old Kingdom/1st Mega projects Math, pulley, wind, medical for and queen statues Soul
Intermediate Cast: slave, farmer, commerce, skilled preserving corpse, anatomy, 2530 BCE Giza pyramid by King
(civil war) artisans, elite hieroglyphs, papyrus Khufu,
2040-1720 BCE Amenemhet moved the capital to Abstract, Book of the Dead, temples
Middle Thebes, Hyksos invaded Egypt, the end at Karnak The Story of
Kingdom/2nd of Middle Kingdom, Ended the isolation Sinuhe, Hymns
Intermediate period (songs of praise to
(Hyksos) the gods)
Ahmose1 drove out Hyksos and created Temple of Amun in Karnak
the New Kingdom, Religious center Hatshepsut’s temple (covered
1570-1336 BCE moved from Thebes to Armana, Largest entrance to the royal remains)
New Kingdom Empire @Thutmose III
Royal Tomb in the Valley of the Kings
1347-1338 BCE Tutankhamen
Portrait head of Nefertiti, Delta
Ramses II ambitious projects, in war Residence of Piramesse, House of
1304-1237 BCE with Hittites for 20 years Ramses of the Bible
Alexander the great conquered Egypt, City of Alexandria, Musieon at
332 BCE Ptolemy I Alexandria library, Rosetta stone
Roman destroyed Carthage and
146-30 BCE conquered Egypt (Cleopatra VII)
6. Discussion
• What have you learned?
– Location?
– Development?
– Language? Art?
– Need theory?
• What do you know about those two
civilizations? Any similarity? Any difference?
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7. Emoticon Exercise
• Guess the meaning of these emoticons.
• What about these Cuneiform writing? Do you
know the meaning?
• Try create your own and ask your friends.
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8. Mesopotamia
• Fertile Crescent starts at
Persian Gulf, goes
through the river valley,
and ends at the
Mediterranean sea.
• Greek word meaning
“land between the two
rivers”
• ~1500 years
• Sumerian=>Akkadian=>
Babylonian Kingdoms
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9. Sumerian
• King Gilgamesh ruled the 1st dynasty at Ur,
City States
• Pictograms=>Ideograms=>Phonograms
• Cuneiform, in Latin word cuneus means wedge.
• Gilgamesh Epic:
– heroic adventures: brave when face with danger
– human beings are immortal: power of God
• Chose friendship with Enkidu rather than
love from Ishta. Got punished to watch his
friend died and began to search for immortality.
– influence the Bible: Noah’s ark
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10. Sumerian
• Polytheistic: many gods and goddess
• Anthropomorphic: human characteristic for
animal
• Pantheistic: everywhere, in nature and the
universe
• Ziggurat of Ur
– Shrine of the moon god Nanna
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11. Sumerian
• Flood once a year
– Irrigation system
• Brick and pottery
– Sumerian wheel
• Math: ×,÷,square root, number in 60 base
(minute, second, 360o )
• Measurement: pound
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12. Akkadian
• Sargon~Moses story, ruled the 1st empire
• Palace of Sargon at Khorsabad
– Arch
– Guardian of the
Gate
Do you see
anything unusual?
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13. Babylonian
• King Hammurabi conquered Amorites and
ruled Babylon
• Hammurabi code “eye for and eye”
– 282 sections cover economic provision
(prices, tariff, trade, and commerce), family
law(marriage and divorce), criminal law
(theft and assault), civil law (slavery and debt),
– Examples: doctor and patient,
architect and homeowner, debtor and wife
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14. Babylonian
• Hammurabi=>Kassites 400 years=>Assyria
until 730 BCE
• Nabopolassar and his son Nebuchadnezzar II
reestablished Babylon
• Hanging gardens of Babylon
• Worshiped Marduk; especially during the new
year celebration
• Divination to predict future with animal
internal organ such as kidney of the sheep
• Cyrus II of Persia invaded Babylon. End of
Mesopotamia and the area became part of
the Persian empire.
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15. Egypt
• Nilotic culture evolved
continuously because of its
geographic environment: deserts
and the Nile river
• 40 Nomes with their leaders
along the river
• Menes 1st pharaoh combine
Upper (500 miles) and lower
Egypt (200 miles, Delta area),
capital at Memphis
• 26 dynasties in three kingdoms
• Old Kingdom=>Middle
Kingdom=>New Kingdom
• Intermediate Period between
each Kingdom (famine and war)
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16. Egypt
• Peasant life: domesticating animals,
improving irrigation system to plant wheat,
barley, and vegetables.
• Polytheism:
Ex: Thoth (God of wisdom)
Ibis, Amen, Anubis
• Theocracy: a social system controlled by
religious leaders, god on earth
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17. Egypt (Old Kingdom) Pharaoh
• Hierarchical Society: Elite
Skilled artisans
• Foreign trade: royal monopoly Merchant
– Import: cedar, olive, myrrh Farmer
– Export: gold and copper Slave
– Carrier of African products: ebony, ivory and animal skin
• Other important knowledge: math, algebra, sundial, pulley,
medical for preserving corpse, anatomy, hieroglyphics,
papyrus
• Belief in life after death
• Mega projects:
– Step Pyramid at Saqqara by King Djoser, Sphinx, King and
queen statues
– Giza pyramid by King Khufu
– Mastaba temples
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18. Egypt (Old Kingdom)
• Located at Saqqara close
to Cairo
• For the 2nd king of the 3rd
dynasty (King Djoser)
• Imhotep: the world 1st
architect, doctor, sage,
poet, astrologer, chief
minister
• 60 meters or 197 ft high,
Limestone and granite
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19. Egypt (Old Kingdom)
• For the 4th dynasty
Pharaoh Khufu(Cheop),
his son and grandson
(Khafre and Menkaure)
• Mastaba, Sphinx,
Temple, Cause way
• 3 Chambers
• The tallest structure for
3800 years
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20. How Mummies are made?
Preparing the Organs and The canopic
body after life chest
Sealed for
Wrapping the eternity
Reserved for eternity
Pharaoh
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21. Egypt (Old Kingdom)
• Osiris God
– Teach Egyptian cultivation
– Murdered by God Seth
– Pyramid text
• What to do and pray
• How to behave before the
judgment day
– Coffin text
• Dispute of a man with his soul
– Desperate mortal choosing
the emptiness of death rather
than materialistic and violent
world
– Meaning?
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22. Egypt (Middle Kingdom)
• Amenemhet moved the capital to Thebes
• Temples at Karnak (the largest ancient religious
site)
– Pharoah Thutmos III built it as a reminder
of winning the war over Mesopotamia
– Karnak area: the most selected place
– Karnak: precinct of Amun-Re
• Hyksos invaded Egypt
– Egyptian learned to use chariot
– Influenced language and sculptors
– End of the middle kingdom and isolation
period
• Book of the Dead
– A collection of hymns
– A product of the pyramid text and coffin
text
– German Egyptologist published a selection
of the text
– Ancient Egyptian Bible
• The Story of Sinuhe
– Egyptian prince was exiled from Egypt and
became the leader of the barbarian people
– Pharaoh permitted him to come back to
Egypt after he read Sinuhe’s letter
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23. Egypt (New Kingdom)
• Ahmose1 drove out
Hyksos and created the
New Kingdom
• Religious center moved
from Thebes to Armana
• Largest Empire
@Thutmose III (17 wars,
step son of Hatshepsut)
• Ramses II ambitious
projects, in war with
Hittites for 20 years
• Portrait head of Nefertiti
Hatshepsut’s temple (covered
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entrance to the royal remains)
24. Egypt (New Kingdom)
• Tutankhamen
• Alexander the great
conquered Egypt,
Ptolemy I
• City of Alexandria
• Roman destroyed
Carthage and
conquered Egypt
(Cleopatra VII)
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25. Homework
• No class on Monday November 16, 2009
• Wednesday evening 4:30-7:30 pm.
• Make the tables for Ancient India and China
Civilizations for comparison
• Join the movie club
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