Emil Eifrem at GraphSummit Copenhagen 2024 - The Art of the Possible.pptx
Matteo Grazzi, La plataforma de Conectividad de las Américas
1. XV Cumbre reguladores y operadores AHCIET
La plataforma de
Conectividad de las
Américas
Matteo Grazzi
Economista
División de Competitividad, Tecnología e Innovación
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)
Bogotá, 13 de Junio 2012
2. Dependiendo del tipo de servicios, los requisitos en
términos de velocidad y tecnología difieren
• Broadband provides internet connectivity at high speeds.
Understanding broadband speed requirements for the “Home of the future”:
2 M bps
7 BA M óvil
Mobile BB 7 bps
2M
0.2 M bps IP Telephony
Telefonía IP 0.2 M bps
5 M bps Internet 1 0 M bps
1 M bps Video Telephony
Vid eotelefonía 1 M bps
Network
1 0 M bps Alm acenam iento 20 M bps
Storage
en Red
4 M bps Video Conference
Vid eoconfere ncia 4 M bps
0.32 M bps SD TV 4 M bps
0.5 M bps JuegosOnline
online 1 M bps
games 0.5 M bps HD TV 1 2 M bps
0.7 M bps 3D TV 1 6 M bps
*Broadband: Minimum of 0.2 Mbps to 100 Mbps
3. El uso y la demanda para todo tipo de servicios en línea
se espera que sigan creciendo en América Latina :
peer-to-peer file
sharing: ∆ 445%
Source: Own elaboration, based on Informa Telecom & Media (2010)
4. La naturaleza del problema depende de las condiciones
sociodemográficas y geográficas, que afectan el rendimiento
financiero de las inversiones
1 PRIVATE:
Households
% Hogares • Urban dense areas of high density
100% • Usually exists more than one
3 infrastructure
• The main problems are related to the
90% 2 regulatory framework and competition
• Profitability is feasible: market dynamics
80% 2 PUBLIC/PRIVATE:
Sin banda ancha
1 • Urban-rural areas with medium density
• Mobile infrastructure is the best
70%
technological option for voice and data
services. PPPs needed
• There are regulatory and infrastructure
60%
problems. Public intervention may
>>5.000 hog./mun.
25,000 hh./mun. accelerate broadband development.
50% • Profitability could be feasible
> 10,000 hh./mun.
>2.500 hog./mun. >>150 hog./mun.
2,500 hh./mun. 3 PUBLIC:
40% • Rural areas where specific intervention to
guarantee Service / Universal Access is
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
needed and incentives are required
Zona de muy baja penetración en BA
% Municipios
Municipalities • The main problem is the lack of
Source: García Zaballos, A (GSM) infrastructures
• Profitability is not feasible: market failure
5. La experiencia demuestra que la tipología de intervención
pública depende de las condiciones específicas que enfrenta
cada país
Household Broadband Penetration
High
Significant role of government
in rollout of core and access Med-High Level of
infrastructure, either through strategic
own and / or mandating regulatory /
incumbent and regulatory / Level of government intervention policy
policy changes to increase increases to enable service Intervention
penetration development to stimulate demand and
Investment model: Ownership / Med ensure BB availability to all services at
PPP Growth in broadband adoption is affordable prices
primarily driven by market forces. Major Investment model: PPP / Financial
investments are from private sector incentives
with the role of government typically
limited to providing financial incentives
Investment model: PPP / Financial
Incentives
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Network Deployment Ecosystem Development Universal Access and Welfare
• Deploy backbone network • Deploy high speed infrastructure in high • Stimulate further adoption through
infrastructure economic areas development of public services targeted
• Initiate policy enablers such as • Deploy access network to increase coverage in towards mass market and utility services
infrastructure sharing to the low demand areas (financial incentive) • Ensure coverage of un-served /
increase competition • In addition, develop services and applications to underserved areas
drive usage / demand
Source: Analysys Mason
6. Teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de la región, América Latina se
enfrenta a diferentes desafíos que requieren respuestas distintas
Source: Analysys Mason
Household Broadband Penetration
High
Level of
Med-High
strategic
regulatory /
policy
Intervention
Med
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Network Deployment Ecosystem Development Universal Access and Welfare
• Deploy backbone network • Deploy high speed infrastructure in high economic • Stimulate further adoption through
infrastructure areas development of public services targeted
• Initiate policy enablers such as • Deploy access network to increase coverage in the towards mass market and utility services
infrastructure sharing to increase low demand areas (financial incentive) • Ensure coverage of un-served / underserved
competition • In addition, develop services and applications to drive areas
usage / demand
7. Países de todo el mundo han enfrentado este reto
embarcándose en ambiciosos planes de expansión de banda Increase speed
Increase coverage
ancha Develop Universal
Ireland UK Finland Plan
Canada Under the National Broadband By 2012 intends to have 100Mbit/s to be available Thailand
CAD225 million to Scheme the government is a universal service to nearly all Finns by the Developing a National Broadband
develop and contributing EUR79.8 million broadband commitment end of 2015
implement a towards an investment of 2Mbit/s Republic of Korea
broadband programme of c.EUR223M KRW1.3 trillion to be
coverage strategy invested to increase
for under-served speeds from
communities 100Mbits to 1Gbits
by 2012
Japan
Targeting over
USA 100Mbit/s for mobile
USD7.2 billion set aside to and 1Gbit/s for fixed
expand broadband access by 2015
to un-served and under-
served communities
Singapore Brunei
The Next Currently developing a
Generation Broadband
Portugal
National Strategic Plan
Public tenders
Broadband
issued to deliver
Network will
broadband across Australia
deliver 1Gbit/s to
the country at a 90% of homes,
Spain 95% by mid-2012
minimum speed of Malaysia schools and
Broadband added to
40Mbit/s The National workplaces will
universal service France
Germany Broadband Initiative receive 100Mbit/s
requirement, 100% USD2.88 billion to
By 2014, 75% of all plus high-speed broadband under
basic broadband encourage service
regions to have access to broadband National
coverage targeted by provider network
50Mbit/s Internet via fibre, deployment to Broadband
2013 and extensive investments in
cable or wireless increase penetration Network plans
penetration of ultra-fast smaller cities and
connections rate to 50%
broadband by 2020 rural areas
Sources: Government websites 7
8. Las dimensiones de la Banda Ancha
en América Latina
Hecho 1: Baja penetración
Hecho 2: Altos precios
Hecho 3: Bajo uso
12. En conclusión:
Go Back
Los países latinoamericanos tienen una penetración mucho
menor de las TIC que los países de la OCDE
Existen diferentes condiciones socio-demográficas y
económicas a tener en cuenta
La penetración móvil del 100% existe, como es la norma
ahora casi todo el mundo, pero casi todos los teléfonos son
de banda estrecha y no smartphones
Hay una brecha entre la tasa de penetración móvil y la
penetración de banda ancha móvil (oportunidad de
crecimiento)
13. Hecho 2: Conexiones de baja velocidad
a precios inaccesibles Go Back
Average speed offered (Mbps) Broadband prices - Average plans
Average price per Mbps (U$ PPP/Mbps)
(U$ PPP/month)
OECD countries
pay, on average,
only 6% of LAC
prices per Mbps.
Latin-America Average 2.32 117 136
Broadband prices - Average plans as a %
of income per capita (U$ PPP/month) Source: GNI Per capita PPP year –
Source: Galperin and Ruzzier (2010, 2011)
OECD: 2% of monthly income World Bank data Catalogue (2010 )
LAC: 18% of monthly income
13
14. Hecho 3:Bajo uso por parte de todos los actores
The usage subindex measures Information and Communication Technology (ICT) penetration
and diffusion among the main social agents. The compounded subindex assesses individual
efforts to increase their capacity to use ICT, as well as their actual use in their day-to-day
activities with other agents.
Source: Own elaboration, based on WEF, 2012
15. Estas dimensiones representan los mayores desafíos para
que la región y sus habitantes se beneficien de la banda
ancha:
Hecho 1: Baja penetración
Desafio 1: Acceso universal
Acceso Y también….
Servicios universales
Hecho 2: Altos precios
Desafio 2:
Precios accesibles
Adopcion
Hecho 3: Bajo uso
Falta de alfabetizacion digital
Desafio 3:
Uso Falta de contenidos locales
16. La región ha reconocido la necesidad de promover la
penetración de banda ancha y ha solicitado el apoyo del
BID
Recent Regional Political Acknowledgement and Agreements:
• VI Summit of the Americas: “To foster increased connection of
telecommunication networks in general, including fiber optic and broadband,
among the region’s countries, as well as international connections, to improve
connectivity, increase the dynamism of communications between the nations of
the Americas…” (Cartagena, 2012)
• The 12 members of the Union of South American Countries (UNASUR)
agreed to address the region’s gap in broadband penetration (Brazil, 2011).
• Caribbean Ministers of Telecommunications requested an assessment of
countries’ broadband infrastructure and regulatory frameworks and training on
the importance of broadband. (2011)
…among others…
17. Una forma nueva y más eficiente de hacer lo que el Banco ya está
haciendo:
Social Integration
Broadband as an
enabler for
INNOVATION
Infrastructure Institutions
& Environment
18. Un enfoque integral es necesario para aumentar el
acceso, la adopción y el uso de servicios de banda
ancha en la región:
1 Políticas
2 3 4
Públicas y Construcción
Regulación Infraestructura
visión de capacidades
estratégica
Support efforts to
Development of Increase the Development of
update the
broadband plans penetration of innovative services
regulatory
and broadband services and and applications and
frameworks to
strategies for applications through capacity
reduce the prices
digitalization thorough PPP and building of the public
and evolve towards
public investments and the private
universality of
Broadband sector
Demand & Supply &
Supply side Demand side Demand side
Supply side
19. El Banco ya está apoyando a los países y desarrollando
trabajo analítico
1 2 3 4
Technical cooperation projects to: Public Regulation Infra- Capacity
Policies structure building
ONGOING / ACTIVE:
Develop Broadband Plans for Central America
Develop National Plan of Connectivity in Haiti
Support in the development of the Broadband strategy for
the Government of Honduras
Wireless networks and services for social inclusion in the
Municipality of Guacarí in Colombia
Broadband network for Yucatan
IN-DESIGN / PIPELINE:
Development of a Regional Public Good in the Caribbean
Development of demonstration projects in Peru, Jamaica,
Costa Rica and Paraguay
Support to UNASUR in the development of an optical fiber
ring for the 13 countries. Prefeasibility studies
Knowledge products and ESWs - Ongoing Cross-cutting work:
•Development of a broadband index and a balance scorecard for the 26 countries
•Econometric model to show the impact that broadband has on economic growth and productivity.
•Development of broadband maps to open the dialogue on PPPs
*TO DO:
•Review the regulatory framework on spectrum management to launch “white spaces”
•Study on funding / investment schemes for broadband deployment in the region
*IFD is grateful to the Korean and Spanish Governments for their support and vision
20. El BID ha fortalecido sus vínculos con el sector privado:
PPPs are an essential element in this effort: Therefore, in coordination with more than
25 representatives from the telecommunications industry worldwide, the Bank produced an
action-oriented report stating the industry’s common position on how to accelerate
broadband penetration in the LAC Region.
21. Como puede el BID apoyar a América Latina en este
desafío?
El papel del BID:
Continuar apoyando acciones específicas de acuerdo a su mandato de
seguir haciendo lo que hacemos, pero hacerlo mejor
Aprovechar el conocimiento disponible y la experiencia en sectores críticos
para el desarrollo.
Usar sus capacidades para seguir un enfoque integral para la expansión de la
banda ancha en la región (4 pilares)
Mantener alianzas estratégicas con otros organismos multilaterales y el sector
privado
Instrumentos disponibles:
Conjunto de instrumentos diversos para apoyar a los países: préstamos,
cooperaciones técnicas no reembolsables, asesoría técnica, productos de
conocimientos.
High regional Broadband prices: OECD members GNI Per capita PPP year $35,130 GNI Per capita PPP month $2,927.50 Broadband prices - Average plans (U$ PPP/month) $50 Broadband prices - Average plans as % of monthly income 2% Latin America & Caribbean GNI Per capita PPP year $7,741 GNI Per capita PPP month $645.08 Broadband prices - Average plans (U$ PPP/month) $117 Broadband prices - Average plans as % of monthly income 18% Source: World Bank data Catalogue (2010 ) // Galperin and Ruzzier (2010, 2011)
The Global Information Technology Report 2012 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/Global_IT_Report_2012.pdf The usage subindex assesses the individual efforts of the main social agents—that is, individuals, business, and government—to increase their capacity to use ICT, as well as their actual use in their day-to-day activities with other agents. It includes 15 variables. The individual usage pillar (seven variables) measures ICT penetration and diffusion at the individual level, using indicators such as the number of mobile phone subscriptions, individuals using the Internet, households with a personal computer (PC), households with Internet access, both fixed and mobile broadband subscriptions, and the use of social networks. The business usage pillar (five variables) captures the extent of business Internet use as well as the efforts of the firms in an economy to integrate ICT into an internal, technology-savvy, innovation-conducive environment that generates productivity gains. Consequently, this pillar measures the firm’s technology absorption capacity as well as its overall capacity to innovate and the pro-duction of technology novelties measured by the number of PCT patent applications. It also measures the extent of staff training available, which indicates the extent to which management and employees are better capable of identifying and developing business innovations. The government usage pillar (three variables) pro-vides insights into the importance that governments place on carrying out ICT policies for competitiveness and the well-being of their citizens, the efforts they make to implement their visions for ICT development, and the number of government services they provide online.
Mandates arising from the VI SoA: http://www.summit-americas.org/SIRG/2012/041412/Mandatos-SC_ENG.pdf