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尋找中國NGOs:兩種路徑與困境
1. 2008 10
NGOs 113
11 3 - 1 4 6
In Search of NGOs in Contemporary China:
The Two Approaches and Dilemmas
Hsin-Hsien Wang
Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and Policy,
National Taipei University
Tsung-Yi Lee
Ph.D Student, Institute of Sociology, National Tsing Hua University
*
2008 1 8
NSC 95-2414-H-305-010-MY2
5. NGOs 117
Non-Governmental
Organization, NGO
NGO market failure
government failure
the third sector Non-
Profitable Organization, NPO NGO
civil society
Salamon, 1994: 109~122 2006
109~122
post socialist states
reemergence
30. 142 2008 10
6 12 1~8
2004
1 3 1~60
2002
BBC http://news.bbc.co.
uk/chinese/trad/low/newsid_6990000/newsid_6998200/ 6998246.stm
2008/09/15
2008 http://
cws.mca.gov.cn/accessory/200806/1201050645191.htm 2008/10/05
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33. NGOs 145
In Search of NGOs in Contemporary China:
The Two Approaches and Dilemmas
Hsin-Hsien Wang
Associate Professor of the Department of Public Administration and Policy,
National Taipei University
Tsung-Yi Lee
Ph.D Student, Institute of Sociology, National Tsing Hua University
Abstract
Over the past three decades, the Chinese economy has moved dramatically
away from the model of socialist planning and into the new world of market forces.
During the process, the CCP has made a wide range of efforts to reform its
institutions of economic and soical govermance. The result to all these changes is the
emergence of a new set to institutional arrangements. The dramatic changes and
significant consequences stirred by the development of social organizations have
drawn much attention to the subject. The transitions have caused changes ont only in
the economic and social structures but also in the whole perception of a proper state-
society relationship, and more importantly, in how the CCP combines the introduction
of market forces and the emerging social groups with tight political control. It is
necessary to model and document exactly what effect are produced.
This paper is discussing alternative approaches to Leninist transitions and
noting some implications for further research. It develops a new framework named
"Post-Totalitarian capitalist Developmental State" to analyze the changes of state-
society relationship in China. Instead we employ a framework that is based on the
post-totalitarian regime and development state model. Due to the capacity of social
organizations to challenge the party-state authority and the public good they cna
provide, the state exerts different strategies to control the emerging social forces.
Accordingly, the social organizations are classified into four categories. This paper
points out two possible approaches to search for the "authentic" NGOs and explore
their dilemma in China. The line of analysis seeks to explain how pluralizing socio-
economic changes induced by market reforms co-exist with the continued dominance
of the party-state.
Key words: Post-Totalitarian Capitalist Developmental State, state-society
relationship, differential control, Non-Governmental Organization
( N G O ) , G o v e r n m e n t O rg a n i z e d N G O ( G O N G O ) , g r a s s r o t t s
organization