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Spencer Henson (IDS)
Delia Grace (ILRI)
Building a Framework for Assessing
the Impacts of Efforts to Enhance
Access to Nutritious Foods Through In-
Depth Analysis of the Grameen Danone
Foods Ltd Case
Overview
Introduction
Aims of project
Structure of project
Grameen Danone Foods Ltd
Approach
Introduction
Recognition that ways in which value chains are structured
and operate are critical to ability of the poor to access
nutritious food
Recognised that need to enhance value chain functioning
in terms of nutritional outcomes and impacts:
– Needs new ways of thinking about how value chains
operate
– Need to ‘join up’ concept of diet and product-based
value chains
Been limited analysis of what strategies work best and
where in terms of getting value chains to work ‘better’
Need to examine efforts to enhance nutritional outcomes
and impacts of value chains in a systematic way
Value chains and diet of the poorDiet
Food 1 Food 2 Food 3 Food 4 Food 5 Food 6 Food 7 Food 8
Overall objective
Develop capacity and an analytical approach
for the analysis of value chain-based initiatives
aimed at enhancing access and consumption
of nutritious foods by the poor and to use this
learning to develop research proposals on
leveraging value chains for nutrition.
Aims
Develop an analytical approach to assessing the efficacy
of value chain-based initiatives aimed at enhancing access
and consumption of nutritious foods by the poor.
Apply the framework to case of Grameen Danone Foods
Ltd
Draw general conclusions on the effectiveness of value
chain-based initiatives at achieving sustained consumption
of nutritious food by the poor.
Develop skills and approaches for understanding the
effectiveness of value chain-based interventions that can
be employed in a larger and longer-term research
programme on value chains for nutritious foods.
Develop a proposal for a major research programme into
leveraging value chains for nutritious foods
Partnership
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
Institute of Development Studies (IDS)
BRAC
Grameen Danone Foods Ltd
Social enterprise formed in 2006:
– Groupe Danone (50%)
– Grameen Group/Communities (50%)
Danone provided capital of US$500,000 that is fully
repayable
Focused on yogurt-based nutritious foods directed at the
poor
Proximity-based business model
GAIN provided support on product formulation, social
marketing and assessment of nutritional efficacy
Grameen Danone - mission
Offer a product with a high nutritional value
Create jobs
Protect the environment
To be economically viable
Grameen Danone - vision
“Improve the health of in excess of 1 million
children and save the life of 15,000 people.”
Shokti Doi
Targeted at children aged 3 to 15 years
Aims to meet 30% of child’s requirement for:
– Vitamin A
– Iron
– Zinc
Needs to be consumed at least twice weekly
Fortified and probiotic yogurt
Packaged in plastic pots providing individual servings
Six day shelf-life
Now extended into range of products:
– Protein enriched
– Flavoured
– Ambient drinking yogurt
Grameen Danone – performance indicators
Number of pots sold and area covered – proxy for
consumption
Number of days worked per month X number of pots sold
per day – proxy for income
Grameen standards indicators for living conditions
Grameen Danone Foods Ltd – value chain
Smallholder
Producers
Larger
Producer
Processing Plant
Local Rural
Communities
Regional Urban
Areas
Metropolitan
Areas
‘Shokti Ladies’ Village Stores Urban Stores Urban Stores/
Supermarkets
Kiosks
Chilled Storage
Facilities
Analysis of Grameen Danone Foods Ltd to date
Lot of interest in Grameen Danone as a:
– Social enterprise
– BoP enterprise
Most of analysis applied business case perspective:
– Business performance
– Business strategy
Perspectives:
– ‘Failed BoP enterprise’
– ‘Success waiting to happen’
Very limited focus on nutrition:
– Work on nutritional efficacy near to completion
– No analysis of nutritional outcomes and impacts in
practice
Grameen Danone Foods Ltd – potential nutritional impacts
Smallholder
Producers
Larger
Producer
Processing Plant
Local Rural
Communities
Regional Urban
Areas
Metropolitan
Areas
‘Shokti Ladies’ Village Stores Urban Stores Urban Stores/
Supermarkets
Kiosks
Chilled Storage
Facilities
Assessing the efficacy of Grameen Danone
Foods Ltd
Sustained access to a nutritious food by the poor
Sustained consumption of the food by target groups at
required frequency
Nutritional outcomes on target groups
Economic sustainability of the value chain
Initial appraisal of challenges
Price
Distribution
Quality control and shelf-life
Consumer perceptions and acceptability
Basis of consumer demand
Economic sustainability of the business model
Targeting
Pulling the analysis together
What value chain does
or can deliver?
What will ‘make’ the
poor use the product
‘appropriately’?
Approach
Framework development
Stakeholder interviews
Interviews with consumers
Quantitative analysis of consumer choice and nutritional
impacts
Framework revision
Definition of general conclusions
Definition of research programme
Conceptual framework
Focuses on challenges along value chain that mitigate
access of the poor to acceptable nutritious foods
Examines critical processes within and along the value
chain
Examines underlying aspects of value chain functioning:
– Abilities
– Coordination
– Integrity
Focus on strategies through which constraints are
alleviated:
– Key role of ‘pinch points’
– Notion that locus of strategies may not be point at
which challenge occurs
Key processes in functioning of value chains for
nutritious foods
Enhancing and
Maintaining Nutritional
Value
Consumption
Capabilities
Signalling
Integrity
Availability Value
Affordability
Value Creation Value Capture
Approach
Framework development
Stakeholder interviews
Interviews with consumers
Quantitative analysis of consumer choice and nutritional
impacts
Framework revision
Definition of general conclusions
Definition of research programme
Quantitative assessment
Indicators of current consumer behaviour within target
groups:
– Locus of purchase versus consumption
– Purchase and consumption behaviour
Stated choice or revealed preference study:
– Factors driving propensity to purchase/consume
Dietary/nutritional assessment of product as actually
consumed:
– Impact on diet diversity
– Impact on nutrient intake
Stated choice or revealed preference approach?
Approaches:
– Stated preference:
• Conjoint or other form of choice experiment
• Contingent valuation
– Revealed preference:
• Hedonic pricing
• Experimental auction
Issues:
– Level and nature of hypothetical bias
– Literacy levels of respondents/ability to deal with
complex survey designs
– Distinctiveness of Shokti Doi
Dietary/nutritional assessment
Food frequency questionnaire
Analysis:
– Dietary diversity scores?
– Nutrient intake?
– Anthropometrics?
Matched samples of consumers/non-consumers
‘Joining the dots’
Evolution of strategy by Grameen Danone Foods Ltd to
address value chain constraints
Ability to access target consumers
Dynamics of consumer behaviour
Viability of up-scaling
Interdependency of distinct target markets and associated
distribution systems
Utility of social enterprise and proximity-based business
models
Generalisable conclusions
Challenges
Political sensitivity:
– Partners in the initiative
– Bangladesh government
Resources
Timescale
Longer-term research programme
Further develop and validate the framework
Contribute to wider portfolio of strategies to enhance the
nutritional outcomes and impacts of value chains
Enhance knowledge of ‘what works where’
Focus on diverse contexts/cases:
– Crops and livestock products
– Agriculture-to-nutrition / Nutrition-to-agriculture
– Geographical coverage
– Innovative interventions
Ultimate aim is wider learning

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Session 3. Henson Danone Grameen Case Study

  • 1. Spencer Henson (IDS) Delia Grace (ILRI) Building a Framework for Assessing the Impacts of Efforts to Enhance Access to Nutritious Foods Through In- Depth Analysis of the Grameen Danone Foods Ltd Case
  • 2. Overview Introduction Aims of project Structure of project Grameen Danone Foods Ltd Approach
  • 3. Introduction Recognition that ways in which value chains are structured and operate are critical to ability of the poor to access nutritious food Recognised that need to enhance value chain functioning in terms of nutritional outcomes and impacts: – Needs new ways of thinking about how value chains operate – Need to ‘join up’ concept of diet and product-based value chains Been limited analysis of what strategies work best and where in terms of getting value chains to work ‘better’ Need to examine efforts to enhance nutritional outcomes and impacts of value chains in a systematic way
  • 4. Value chains and diet of the poorDiet Food 1 Food 2 Food 3 Food 4 Food 5 Food 6 Food 7 Food 8
  • 5. Overall objective Develop capacity and an analytical approach for the analysis of value chain-based initiatives aimed at enhancing access and consumption of nutritious foods by the poor and to use this learning to develop research proposals on leveraging value chains for nutrition.
  • 6. Aims Develop an analytical approach to assessing the efficacy of value chain-based initiatives aimed at enhancing access and consumption of nutritious foods by the poor. Apply the framework to case of Grameen Danone Foods Ltd Draw general conclusions on the effectiveness of value chain-based initiatives at achieving sustained consumption of nutritious food by the poor. Develop skills and approaches for understanding the effectiveness of value chain-based interventions that can be employed in a larger and longer-term research programme on value chains for nutritious foods. Develop a proposal for a major research programme into leveraging value chains for nutritious foods
  • 7. Partnership International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) Institute of Development Studies (IDS) BRAC
  • 8. Grameen Danone Foods Ltd Social enterprise formed in 2006: – Groupe Danone (50%) – Grameen Group/Communities (50%) Danone provided capital of US$500,000 that is fully repayable Focused on yogurt-based nutritious foods directed at the poor Proximity-based business model GAIN provided support on product formulation, social marketing and assessment of nutritional efficacy
  • 9. Grameen Danone - mission Offer a product with a high nutritional value Create jobs Protect the environment To be economically viable
  • 10. Grameen Danone - vision “Improve the health of in excess of 1 million children and save the life of 15,000 people.”
  • 11. Shokti Doi Targeted at children aged 3 to 15 years Aims to meet 30% of child’s requirement for: – Vitamin A – Iron – Zinc Needs to be consumed at least twice weekly Fortified and probiotic yogurt Packaged in plastic pots providing individual servings Six day shelf-life Now extended into range of products: – Protein enriched – Flavoured – Ambient drinking yogurt
  • 12. Grameen Danone – performance indicators Number of pots sold and area covered – proxy for consumption Number of days worked per month X number of pots sold per day – proxy for income Grameen standards indicators for living conditions
  • 13. Grameen Danone Foods Ltd – value chain Smallholder Producers Larger Producer Processing Plant Local Rural Communities Regional Urban Areas Metropolitan Areas ‘Shokti Ladies’ Village Stores Urban Stores Urban Stores/ Supermarkets Kiosks Chilled Storage Facilities
  • 14. Analysis of Grameen Danone Foods Ltd to date Lot of interest in Grameen Danone as a: – Social enterprise – BoP enterprise Most of analysis applied business case perspective: – Business performance – Business strategy Perspectives: – ‘Failed BoP enterprise’ – ‘Success waiting to happen’ Very limited focus on nutrition: – Work on nutritional efficacy near to completion – No analysis of nutritional outcomes and impacts in practice
  • 15. Grameen Danone Foods Ltd – potential nutritional impacts Smallholder Producers Larger Producer Processing Plant Local Rural Communities Regional Urban Areas Metropolitan Areas ‘Shokti Ladies’ Village Stores Urban Stores Urban Stores/ Supermarkets Kiosks Chilled Storage Facilities
  • 16. Assessing the efficacy of Grameen Danone Foods Ltd Sustained access to a nutritious food by the poor Sustained consumption of the food by target groups at required frequency Nutritional outcomes on target groups Economic sustainability of the value chain
  • 17. Initial appraisal of challenges Price Distribution Quality control and shelf-life Consumer perceptions and acceptability Basis of consumer demand Economic sustainability of the business model Targeting
  • 18. Pulling the analysis together What value chain does or can deliver? What will ‘make’ the poor use the product ‘appropriately’?
  • 19. Approach Framework development Stakeholder interviews Interviews with consumers Quantitative analysis of consumer choice and nutritional impacts Framework revision Definition of general conclusions Definition of research programme
  • 20. Conceptual framework Focuses on challenges along value chain that mitigate access of the poor to acceptable nutritious foods Examines critical processes within and along the value chain Examines underlying aspects of value chain functioning: – Abilities – Coordination – Integrity Focus on strategies through which constraints are alleviated: – Key role of ‘pinch points’ – Notion that locus of strategies may not be point at which challenge occurs
  • 21. Key processes in functioning of value chains for nutritious foods Enhancing and Maintaining Nutritional Value Consumption Capabilities Signalling Integrity Availability Value Affordability Value Creation Value Capture
  • 22. Approach Framework development Stakeholder interviews Interviews with consumers Quantitative analysis of consumer choice and nutritional impacts Framework revision Definition of general conclusions Definition of research programme
  • 23. Quantitative assessment Indicators of current consumer behaviour within target groups: – Locus of purchase versus consumption – Purchase and consumption behaviour Stated choice or revealed preference study: – Factors driving propensity to purchase/consume Dietary/nutritional assessment of product as actually consumed: – Impact on diet diversity – Impact on nutrient intake
  • 24. Stated choice or revealed preference approach? Approaches: – Stated preference: • Conjoint or other form of choice experiment • Contingent valuation – Revealed preference: • Hedonic pricing • Experimental auction Issues: – Level and nature of hypothetical bias – Literacy levels of respondents/ability to deal with complex survey designs – Distinctiveness of Shokti Doi
  • 25. Dietary/nutritional assessment Food frequency questionnaire Analysis: – Dietary diversity scores? – Nutrient intake? – Anthropometrics? Matched samples of consumers/non-consumers
  • 26. ‘Joining the dots’ Evolution of strategy by Grameen Danone Foods Ltd to address value chain constraints Ability to access target consumers Dynamics of consumer behaviour Viability of up-scaling Interdependency of distinct target markets and associated distribution systems Utility of social enterprise and proximity-based business models Generalisable conclusions
  • 27. Challenges Political sensitivity: – Partners in the initiative – Bangladesh government Resources Timescale
  • 28. Longer-term research programme Further develop and validate the framework Contribute to wider portfolio of strategies to enhance the nutritional outcomes and impacts of value chains Enhance knowledge of ‘what works where’ Focus on diverse contexts/cases: – Crops and livestock products – Agriculture-to-nutrition / Nutrition-to-agriculture – Geographical coverage – Innovative interventions Ultimate aim is wider learning

Notas do Editor

  1. Contribution is ....RAT The output of this project will be a paper-based rapid assessment tool based on the value chain approach that can be applied to existing or planned projects that aim to improve nutritional outcomes through interventions that focus on agricultural production and related agricultural value chains. The assessment tool will allow designers and implementers of such projects to link agriculture and nutrition goals more effectively through sustainable engagement with the private sector. It will facilitate the assessment and improvement of such projects by a sequence of checklists focusing on (i) the pathways from agricultural interventions to specified nutritional outcomes and (ii) the established with business and markets. This tool will be tested on existing USAID projects incorporated into the Feed the Future program in Kenya and validated on the basis of its ease-of-use and its effectiveness in identifying possible improvements to projects that would enhance their nutrition focus and increase the sustainability of market oriented projects through a agricultural value chains analysis. The rapid assessment tool builds on existing USAID assessments and priorities. Therefore, does not run through all value chain and gender issues. It tries to identify new things arising from nutritious food.