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The ABCs of Diabetes
A = A1C: A1C is a blood test that shows
what your average blood sugar level has
been during the last few months.
B = Blood Pressure: Controlling your
blood pressure is just as important as
controlling your blood sugar with diabetes.
High blood pressure risks include: stroke,
heart attack, and kidney disease.
C = Cholesterol: Cholesterol is a waxy
substance found in the blood. High
cholesterol contributes to strokes, heart
attacks, and kidney disease.
Importance of ABCs: Keeping your ABCs under control can lower your risk of:
 Having a heart attack or stroke
 Having a heart attack at a younger age
 Getting kidney disease
Importance of Low Blood Sugar: Keeping your blood sugar low can prevent certain diabetes
caused problems such as:
 Eye disease that lead to vision loss or blindness
 Kidney disease
 Nerve damage (neuropathy) which can cause numbness or pain in hands and feet
 The removal of toes, fingers, or other body parts removed by surgery (amputated)
ABC Levels: The levels you should aim for will depend on the severity of your diabetes, your
age, and other health problems you may have. Many people aim for ABC levels of:
 A1C: below 7 percent
 Blood Pressure: below 140/90, or lower in some cases
 LDL Cholesterol (one type of cholesterol, often called “bad cholesterol”): below
100
Controlling your ABCs:
 Medicines: Most people take medicine every day to control their blood sugar. They also
might need to check their blood sugar every day.
 Lifestyle changes: The choices you make every day about the foods you eat and the way
you live can have a huge impact on your ABCs. Some lifestyle choices you can make to
maintain you ABCs include:
o Making healthy food choices: Eat
lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat
dairy products. Limit the amount of meat and fried
or fatty foods that you eat.
o Be active: Walk, garden, or do
something active for 30 minutes on most days of
the week.
o Stop smoking: Smoking increases
your chances of heart attack or stroke, or
developing cancer.
o Lose weight: Being overweight
increases the risk of many health problems.
o Avoid alcohol: Alcohol can
increase blood sugar and blood pressure.
Luckily, many of these lifestyle changes listed above can improve all 3 of the
ABCs. The table below illustrates how these lifestyle changes impact your ABCs.
What You Can Do Helps with
A1C
Helps with
Blood
Pressure
Helps with
Cholesterol
Taking medicines everyday
X X X
Eating a diet low in saturated fat and
cholesterol, but rich in fruits, vegetables,
and low-fat dairy products
X X X
Limit the amount of salt (sodium) you eat
X
Be active
X X X
Lose weight if you are overweight
X X X
Avoid alcohol
X X

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The ABCs of Diabetes

  • 1. The ABCs of Diabetes A = A1C: A1C is a blood test that shows what your average blood sugar level has been during the last few months. B = Blood Pressure: Controlling your blood pressure is just as important as controlling your blood sugar with diabetes. High blood pressure risks include: stroke, heart attack, and kidney disease. C = Cholesterol: Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in the blood. High cholesterol contributes to strokes, heart attacks, and kidney disease. Importance of ABCs: Keeping your ABCs under control can lower your risk of:  Having a heart attack or stroke  Having a heart attack at a younger age  Getting kidney disease Importance of Low Blood Sugar: Keeping your blood sugar low can prevent certain diabetes caused problems such as:  Eye disease that lead to vision loss or blindness  Kidney disease  Nerve damage (neuropathy) which can cause numbness or pain in hands and feet  The removal of toes, fingers, or other body parts removed by surgery (amputated) ABC Levels: The levels you should aim for will depend on the severity of your diabetes, your age, and other health problems you may have. Many people aim for ABC levels of:  A1C: below 7 percent  Blood Pressure: below 140/90, or lower in some cases  LDL Cholesterol (one type of cholesterol, often called “bad cholesterol”): below 100
  • 2. Controlling your ABCs:  Medicines: Most people take medicine every day to control their blood sugar. They also might need to check their blood sugar every day.  Lifestyle changes: The choices you make every day about the foods you eat and the way you live can have a huge impact on your ABCs. Some lifestyle choices you can make to maintain you ABCs include: o Making healthy food choices: Eat lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. Limit the amount of meat and fried or fatty foods that you eat. o Be active: Walk, garden, or do something active for 30 minutes on most days of the week. o Stop smoking: Smoking increases your chances of heart attack or stroke, or developing cancer. o Lose weight: Being overweight increases the risk of many health problems. o Avoid alcohol: Alcohol can increase blood sugar and blood pressure. Luckily, many of these lifestyle changes listed above can improve all 3 of the ABCs. The table below illustrates how these lifestyle changes impact your ABCs. What You Can Do Helps with A1C Helps with Blood Pressure Helps with Cholesterol Taking medicines everyday X X X Eating a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, but rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products X X X Limit the amount of salt (sodium) you eat X Be active X X X Lose weight if you are overweight X X X