4. Systems approaches in governance context ‘ system’

5. FRAMINGS Systems framings ‘ system’ context 1.

6. FRAMINGS Systems framings ‘ system’ 1. context 2.

7. FRAMINGS Systems framings ‘ system’ 1. 2. context 3.

8. FRAMINGS Systems framings ‘ system’ 1. 2. 3. context 4.

9. Governance for low carbon systems Create processes whereby people can create powerful low carbon systems scientific disciplines infrastructure requirements Product/service markets carbon markets system management NGO partnerships environmental impacts niche markets maintenance capacities public acceptability skilled workforce reliable components supply chain training / accreditation planning process social movements trade associations informed finance specialist services Insurance provision affected communities wider culture sensitive regulation sponsoring public bodies consumer behaviour

11. Multi-level heuristic on system transitions Source: Geels (2002)

13. Framing transition governance Source: Geels (2002) Pressure on regime to become sustainable Empowering environmental awareness and values Pathways to visions Pathways to visions Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Learning / process Politics / substance

14. Framing transition governance Source: Geels (2002) Pressure on regime to become sustainable Empowering environmental awareness and values Whose visions count? Pathways to visions Pathways to visions Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Learning / process Politics / substance

15. Framing transition governance Source: Geels (2002) Pressure on regime to become sustainable Empowering environmental awareness and values Whose visions count? Pathways to visions Pathways to visions Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Learning / process Politics / substance

16. Framing transition governance Source: Geels (2002) Pressure on regime to become sustainable Empowering environmental awareness and values Whose lessons should drive future adaptations? Whose visions count? How to redistribute commitments in socially just ways? How to destabilise the regime? Where does all this take place? Which niches to support; whose criteria? Pathways to visions Pathways to visions Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Visions for sustainable energy systems Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Socio-technical niches Learning / process Politics / substance

20. Commitment and appraisal in governance Governance Socio-technical system Open-up or Broad Outputs: Close-down Social commitments Ontological: material & discursive reproduction of the system Social appraisal Epistemic: understanding the system & options for change Inputs: Narrow or Diverse Interventions: Optimal

21. An objectifying social science: governance on the ‘outside’ Commitments Appraisal 1. Governance predicated upon a socially recognised, yet inchoate, sustainability problem Socio-technical object 4. Unitary set of interventions reconfigure the socio-technical object according to specific commitments privileged in appraisal 3. Appraisal aggregates perspectives and closes down around single socio-technical object 2. Different actors prioritise different inputs to appraisal

22. A reflexive social science: governance on the ‘inside’ Commitments Appraisal 3. Reflexive opening-up of appraisal under alternative framings 4. Closure achieved through wider political discourse about commitments & a diverse portfolio of interventions are made 2. Reflexive acknowledgement of multiple framings of the socio- technical practices 1. Governance predicated upon a socially recognised, yet inchoate, sustainability problem Framing # n … Framing # 2 ‘ System’ seen by framing # 1

24. Further information Policy Science Research Policy Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning

25. The scale of the challenge: UK illustration 2006 emissions International aviation & shipping* UK non-CO 2 GHGs Other CO 2 Industry (heat & industrial processes) Residential & Commercial heat Domestic transport Electricity Generation * bunker fuels basis 2050 objective 159 Mt CO 2 e 695 Mt CO 2 e 77% cut (= 80% vs. 1990)

26. UK Low Carbon Transition Plan