it is the ppt of animal kingdom from 11th biology subject.

2. Classification of animals
Animalia
TISSUE/ORGANLEVEL/ORGAN
SYSTEM.
RADIAL SYMETRY BILATERAL SYMETRY
CELLULAR LEVEL
PORIFERA

3. radial
coelenterate
cnidaria
bilateral
Acoelomates
Pseudocoelomates
coelomates
Platy helminthes
Aschelminthes
Annelids
Arthropods
Molluscs
Echinodermata
Hemichordates
chordate

5. 1.Porifera
• Members of phylum are known as sponges. Multicellular animals
and have cellular level of organization. Shape of the body is vase or
cylindrical.
• Asymmetrically or bilaterally symmetrical body.
• Body is perforated by many pores , the Ostia through which the
water enters and oscula through which water posses out.
• The pathway of water transport is helpful in food gathering
,respiratory exchange and removal of waste. The interior of the
body is hollow by numerous canals lined with collared flagellated
cells or choanocytes.
• Mouth and anus are absent. Skeleton consists of spicules.
• Reproduction by asexual and sexual. Posses great power of
regeneration.
• Ex: sycon , spongilla and euspongea.

7. 2. Coelenterates (cnidaria)
• They are aquatic , marine , sessile or free-swimming.
Multicellular animals with tissue grade of organization.
• These are radially symmetrical animals. Cnidaria is
derived from cnidoblasts or cnidocytes present on
tentacles of the body. Cnidoblasts are used for
anchorage , defense and for the capture of prey.
• Cnidarians exhibit tissue level of organization and are
diploblastic . They have a central gastro-vascular cavity
with a single opening mouth on hypostome.
• Reproduction is both sexual and asexual.
• ex: physalia , adamsia , pennatula , gorgonian and
meandrina.

9. • Ctenophores is commonly , known as sea walnuts or
comb jellies are exclusively marine.
• Radially symmetrical , diploblastic organisms with
tissue level of organization .
• The body bears eight external rows of ciliated comb
plates . Which helps in locomotion .
• Digestion is both extracellular and intracellular .
Bioluminescence is well-marked in ctenophores .
• Sexes are not separate . Reproduction takes only by
sexual means . Fertilization is external with indirect
development .
• Ex: pluerobrachice and ctenoplana.
3. ctenophores

11. 4. Platy helminthes(flatworms)
• Platy helminthes are bilaterally symmetrical and dorso-
ventrally flattened flatworms . Triploblastic , acoelomate with
blind sac body plan with organ level of organization .
Moderately elongated flattened shape .
• Hooks and suckers are fond in the parasitic forms . These are
mostly endoparasities found in animals as well as in human
beings .
• Some of them absorb nutrients directly from their body
surface . Specialised cells are called flame cells help in
osmoregulation and excretion .
• Sexes are not separate . Fertilization is internal and
development is through many large larval stages .
• Ex: taenia(tape worm), fasicola(liver fluke).

13. 5.Aschelminthes
• The body is circular and it is known as round worm .
• They may be free living , aquatic and terrestrial or parasitic in
plants and animals . These have organ system level of
organization.
• They are bilaterally symmetrical , triploblastic and
pseudocoelomates .alimentary canal is well developed
muscular pharynx . An excretory tube removes body wastes
from the body cavity through excretory pores . Sexes are
separate . While female is longer than male .
• Fertilization is internal and development may be direct or
indirect .
• Ex: ascaris , wuchiaria (filiaria worm) , ancyclostoma (hook
worm)

15. 6. Annelida
• They may be aquatic , marine or fresh water , fresh living and
sometimes parasitic. They exhibit organ level of body
organization and bilaterally symmetrical.
• They are triploblastic and metamerically segmented and
coelomates animals. Their body is distinctly marked out in
segments or metamers.
• They posses longitudinal and circular muscles which help in
locomotion.
• A closed circulatory system is present nephridia helps in
osmoregulation and excretion.
• Their reproduction is sexual .
• Ex: neries , pheretima and hirudinaria .

17. 7. Arthropod
• Arthropods is triploblastic , coelomates , bilaterally
symmetrical , metamerically segmented animals.
• They have organ system level of organization. The body is
covered by chitinous exoskeleton. They have head , thorax
and abdomen. They have jointed appendages .
• Respiratory organs are gills , book gills , book lungs or tracheal
system. Circulatory system is of open type . Sensory organs
like antenna , statocysts or balance organs are present.
• Excretion takes place through malphigian tubules.
• Fertilization is usually internal. They are mostly oviparous .
Development may be direct or indirect.
• Ex : honey bees (apis) , silkworm (bombxy) , laccifer( lac
insect).

19. 8. Mollusca
• This is the second largest animal phylum . Molluscs are
terrestrial or aquatic , marine or fresh water having an organ
system level of organization.
• They are bilaterally symmetrical , triploblastic , coelomates
animals. Body is covered by a calcareous shell and is
unsegmented.
• A soft and spongy layer of skin forms a mantle over the
visceral hump. They have respiratory and excretory functions.
• The anterior head region has sensory tentacles .
• They are usually oviparous and indirect development.
• Ex: pila(apple snail) , pinctada(pearl oyster) , sepia(cuttle fish),
Loligo (squid) , octopus(devil fish).

22. 9. Echinodermata
• All are marine with organ system level of organization. The
adult echinoderms are radially symmetrical but larvae are
bilaterally symmetrical .
• They are triploblastic and coelomate animals. Digestion
system is complete with mouths on the lower side and anus
on the upper side.
• the most distinctive feature of echinoderms is the presence
of water vascular system which helps in locomotion , capture
and transport of food and respiration.
• Excretory system is absent.
• Sexes are separate . Reproduction is sexual . Fertilization is
usually external . Development is indirect with free swimming
larva.
• Ex: asterias (star fish) ,echinus(sea urchin) , antedon(sea lily) ,
cucumaria(sea cucumber).

24. 10. Hemichordate
• This phylum consists of a small group of worm like marine
animals with organ system level of organization.
• They are bilaterally symmetrical animals , triploblastic and
coelomates animals .
• The body is symmetrical and composed of an anterior
probocis , a collar and a long trunk .
• Circulatory system ism of open type . Respiration takes place
through gills . Excretory organ is probocis gland .
• Sexes are seprate . Fertilisation is external . Development is
indirect .
• Ex:balanoglassus and saccoglassus .

26. 11. Chordates
• Animals belonging to phylum chordata are fundamentally characterized by
the presence of notochord , a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired
pharyngeal gill slits.
• These are bilaterally symmetrical ,triploblastic , coelomate , with organ
system level of organization .
• They posses a post anal tail and a closed circulatory system .
• Phylum chrodata is divided into three subphyla : urochordata,
cephalochordata and vertebra . Subphyla urochordata and
cephalochodata are often referred to as prtochodates and are exclusively
marine .
• The members of sub phylum vertebrata posses notochord during the
embryonic period.
• The notochord is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in
the adult .all vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not
vertebrates .
• Vertebrates have a ventral muscular heart with two , three , four
chambers , kidneys for excretion and osmoregulation and paired
appendages which may be fins or limbs .

27. 1. class-cyclostomata
• All living members of the class cyclostomata are
ectoparasites on some fishes. They have an elongated body
bearing 6-15 pairs of gills slits for respiration.
• Cyclostomes have a sucking and circular mouth without jaws.
Their body is devoid of scales and paired fins . Cranium and
vertebral column are cartilaginous .
• Circulation is of closed type . Cyclostomes are marine but
migrate for spawning , within a few days , they die. Their
larvae , after metamorphosis , return to the oceans .
• Ex: petromyzon(lamprey) ,and myxine(hag fish)

29. 2. class-chondrichthyes
• They are marine animals with streamlined body and have cartilaginous
endoskeleton. Mouth is located ventrally. Notochord is persistent
throughout the life . Gill slits are separate and without operculum(gill
cover)
• The skin is tough , containing minute placoid scales . Teeth are modified
placoid scales which are backwardly directed . Their jaws are very
powerful .due to absence of air bladder they have to swim constantly to
avoid sinking . Heart is two chambered . Some of them have electric
organs (torpedo) and some posses poison sting (trygon).
• They are cool blooded animals i.e.; they lack the capacity to regulate their
body temprature . Sexes are separate . They have internal fertilization and
many of them are viviparous .
• Ex : scoliodon (dog fish) , pristis(saw fish) , carcharodon (great white
shark), trygon(sting ray).

31. 3. class-osteichthyes
• It includes both marine and fresh water fishes with bony
endoskeleton . Their body is streamlined . Mouth is mostly
terminal . They have four pairs of gills which is covered by an
operculum on each side.
• Skin is covered with cycloids/ctenoid scales . Air bladder is
present which regulates buoyancy.
• Heart is two chambered . They are cool – blooded animals.
• Sexes are separate . Fertilization is usually external . They are
mostly oviparous and development is direct .
• Ex: exocoetus (flying fish) , hippocampus(sea horse) , catla
(catla) , labeo (rohu) .

33. 4. class-amphibian
• Amphibians can live in aquatic as well as terrestrial also . Most
of them have two pairs of limbs . Body is divisible into head
and trunk .
• Tail may be present in same . the amphibians skin is moist.
The eyes have eyelids . A tympanum represent the ear
.alimentary canal , urinary and reproductive tracts open into a
common chamber called cloaca.
• Respiration is by lungs , gills or by skin. Heart is three
chambered 2-auricle , 1-ventricle. These are cool blooded
animals .
• Sexes are separate . Fertilization is external . They are
oviparous and development is indirect.
• Ex : bufo(toad) , rana(frog) , hyla(tree frog) , salamander .

35. 5. class- reptilia
• The class name is refers to their creeping or crawling mode of
locomotion. They are mostly terrestrial animals and their
body is covered by dry and cornified skin , epidermal scales or
scutes. They do not have external ear openings . Tympanum
represents ear.
• Limbs, when present, are two pairs. Heart is usually three
chambered , but four chambered in crocodiles .
• Snakes and lizards shed their scales as skin cast.
• Sexes are separate . Fertilization is internal . They are
oviparous and development is direct .
• Ex: chelone (turtle) , testudo(tortoise) , chameleon(tree
lizard), calottes (garden lizard).

37. 6.class- aves
• The characteristics features of aves are the presence of
feathers and most of them can fly except flightless birds
(eg:ostrich).
• They posses beak . The forelimbs are modified into wings. The
hind limbs are modified for walking , swimming or clasping
the tree branches. Skin is dry without glands expect the oil
gland at the base of the tail.
• Endoskeleton is fully ossified(bony) and the long bones are
hollow with air cavities(pneumatic).heart is completely four
chambered. They are warm blooded animals. Respiration is by
lungs .sexes are separate . Fertilization is internal .they are
oviparous and development is direct.
• Ex:corvus(crow), columba(pigeon) ,psittacula(parrot) ,
struthio(ostrich).

39. 7. class-mammalian
• They are found in variety of habitats – polar ice caps, deserts
,mountains ,forests, grasslands and dark caves .the unique
mammalian characteristics is the presence of milk producing
glands. The skin of mammals is unique in possessing hair.
• External ear is present . Different types of teeth are present in
jaws. Heart is four chambered . They are homoithermous.
Respiration by lungs . Sexes are separate . Fertilization is
internal .
• They are viviparous with few exceptions and development by
direct .
• Ex: platypus , kangaroo , flying fox , camel .