Tubes, Diagnostic Procedures, Tests, Common Drugs, Antidotes.. :))

1. Commonly Asked Emergency Drugs
Emergency Drug Initial Dose Indications
Adenosine 6 mg
Atropine sulfate 0.5 – 1 mg.q 3-5 min Bradycardia
Epinephrine 1 mg.q 3-5 min Cardiac arrest
Lasix 0.5-1 mg/kg Pulmonary edema
Lidocaine 1-1.5 mg/kg Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia
Magnesium sulfate 1-2 g Ventricular tachycardia r/t hypomagnesemia
Morphine Sulfate 1-3 mg Chest pain, pulmonary edema
Narcan 0.02-2mg Narcotic – respiratory depression
Nitroglycerine 0.4 mg SL Chest pain, pulmonary edema
Vasopressin 40 units Cardiac arrest
Antidotes
Agents Antidotes
Acetaminophen Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Anticholinesterase Atropine So4
Anticholinergics Physostigmine
Benzodiazepines Flumazenil
Coumadine Vitamin K
Cyanide Sodium nitrate
Digoxin Digoxin immune fab (Digibind)
Dopamine Phentolamine
Heparin Protamine sulfate
Iron Deferoxamine
Lead Dimercaprol, edentate disodium and succimer
Magnesium Sulfate Calcium gluconate
Narcotics Naloxone
Drug Name Endings: What they can suggest you!!!
Endings class
*cain Local anesthetics
*cillin Antibiotics
*dine Antiulcer agent
*done Opiod analgesics
*ide Oral hypoglycemics
*lam/
*pam Antianxiety
*micin/
*mycin Antibiotics
*mine/
*zide Diuretics
*olol Beta blockers
*pril ACE inhibitors
*sone Steroids

2. FREQUENTLY ASKED MEDICATIONS
Drugs Trade /(generics) Classification Desired Effects Best Time to be Taken Other Considerations
1 Aminophylline (theophylline) Bronchodilator To case breathing AM / empty stomach • No smoking
• No caffeine
• Check heart rate
2 Amphogel (aluminum hydroxide) Antacid phosphate level Between meals and HS • Give with glass of w
• Report melena
3 Antabuse (disulfiram) Antialcoholic agent Avoidance of alcohol After 12 hrs. stoppage from alcohol • No alcohol in any m
4 Aspirin (ASA) Anti-inflammatory
Anti-pyretic
Analgesic
 temperature
 pain and inflammation
Full stomach • Check for bleeding
• Syrup of inpecae in
5 Atropine SO4 Anticholinergic and Vagolytic  heart rate and decrease
secretion s
30 PC • Observe facial flus
• Avoid hot environm
6 Bacterium (cotrimoxazole) Antibiotic (-) infection PC • Reddish urine
• Rashes
• Assess for signs of
7 Benadryl (diphenhydramine hcl) Antihistamine
Anti – EPS
(-) allergy
(-) movement syndrome
Best taken with food • Avoid alcohol
8 Celestone (betamethazone) Steroids respiratory distress in
newborn
Best taken with food • Monitor weight
9 Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) Antineoplastic size of tumor AM • Increase fluids
• Monitor CBC
10 Diabinase (chlorpropaminde) Antidiabetic agent Normal glucose range AM • Monitor for hypog
11 Diamox
(acetazolamide)
Antiglaucoma antidiuretics  urine output
 vertigo
AM with meals • Photosensitivity
12 Digoxin (lanoxin) Cardiac glycoside Normal heart rate AM • Assess pulse rate
• Monitor serum K
13 Dilantin (phenytoin) Anti-convulsant (-) seizure Best taken with food • Taper dosage
14 Diuril (chlorothiazide) Diuretics  urine output Best taken with food • Report weakness i
• Increase K in the d
15 Epinephrine Bronchodilator  heart rate AM • Don’t operate mac
• Assess for increase
16 Flagyl (metronidazole) Antihelmintic (-) helminth Best taken with food • Avoid alcohol
• Not to give with an
• Tetratogenic
17 Haldol (haloperidol) Antipsychotic  (+) symptoms of psychosis AC • Assess BP
• Photosensitivity
18 Kayexalate Promote excretions of K  serum K • May cause constip
• Monitor serum po
19 Lasix (furosemide) Diuretic  urine output AM • Increase intake of
20 Lithane (LiCO3) Antimanic  hyperactivity PC • Monitor lithium to
• Decrease activity
21 Lovenox (mevacor) Antithrombotic (-) thrombosis • Soft bristle toothb
• No razor
• Keep protamine SO
22 Magnesium SO4 Anticonvulsant (-) convulsion • Assess DTR and PR
• Antidote is Calcium
23 Mastinon (pyridostigmine) Cholinesterase inhibitor  muscle strength PC • Monitor for muscl
• Antidote is atropin
24 Mathergine (methylergonovine
maleate)
Oxytocic for post partum
atony
Firmly contracted uterus • Monitor BP
• Report dyspnea
25 Monoamine oxidase inhibitor Antidepressant Improved sleeping pattern PC • No tyramine rich f
• Assess for hyperte
• Monitor BP
26 Nitroglycerin Antiangina (-) chest pain Best taken before any strenuous
activity
• Taken SL; don’t ch
• Keep tablets in dar
27 Pancrease (pancreatin) Pancreatic enzyme (-) fat in the stool Between meal and snacks • Preparation is ente
• Observe for diarrh
28 Phenergan (promethazine
hyrochloride)
Antihistamine (-) allergy Empty stomach • Antidote is epinep
29 Reserpine (serpasil) Antihypertensive  BP Best taken with meals • No sudden change
• Monitor BP and PR
30 Ritalin (methylphenidate) Stimulant  hyperactivity AM / PC • Monitor growth an
31 Robaxin (methocarbamol) Skeletal muscle relaxant (-) muscle spasm AM • No alcohol
• Antidote : Epineph
32 Synthroid (levothyroxine sodium) Thyroid hormone supplement Normal T4 level AM • Monitor BP and PR
33 Tagamet (cimetidine) Antiacidity (-) heartburn Best taken with food • Avoid smoking
34 Thorazine (chlorpromazine hcl) Antipsychotic (-) positive signs of psychosis PC • Photosensitivity
• Monitor BP

3. 35 Valium (diazepam) Antianxiety (-) anxiety AC • No alcohol, caffein
36 Xylocaine (lidocaine) Antiarrythmic Normal heart rate • Monitor for toxicit
• S / E : tinnitus
37 Zyloprim (allopurinol) Antigout  uric acid Best taken with food • Increase fluid intak

4. Common Tubes
Table or Apparatus Purpose Examples of Use Key points
Miller-Abbott tube Longer than Levin tube; has
mercury of air in bags so tube can
be used to decompress the lower
intestinal tract
1. Small-bowel obstructions
2. Intussusception
3. Volvulus
1. Care similar to that Levin NG tube irrigated.
2. connected to suction, not sterile technique
3. orders will be written on how to advance the tube
gently pushing tube a few inches each hour, patient
position may affect advancement of tube
4. X-rays determine the desired location of tube
Cantor Tube To drain bile from the common
bile duct until edema has
subscribed
Cholecystectomy when a common
duct exploration (CDE) or
choledochostomy was also done
1. Bile drainage is influenced by position of the
drainage bag.
2. Clamp tubes as ordered to see if bile will flow into
duodenum, normally.
T-tube A type of closed-wound drainage
connected to suction-used to
drain, a large amount of
serosa`nguineous drainage from
under an incision
1. Mastectomy
2. Total hip procedure
3. Total knee procedure
1. May compress unit, and have portable vacuum or
connect to wall suction.
2. Small drainage tube may get clogged physician may
irrigate these at times
Hemovac A method of closed wound
suction drainage indicate when
tissue displacement and tissue
trauma may occur with rigid drain
tubes (e.g Hemovac)
1. Neurosurgery
2. Neck surgery
3. Mastectomy
4. Total knee and hip
replacement
5. Abdominal surgery
6. Urological procedure
Empty reservoir when full, to prevent loss of wound
drainage and back contamination
Jackson-Pratt See Hemovac See Hemovac See Hemovac
Three-way Foley To provide avenues for constant
irrigation and constant drainage
of urinary bladder
1. Transurethral resection (TUR)
2. Bladder infection
Watch for blocking by clots causes bladder spasms
Irrigant solution often has antibiotic added to normal salin
or sterile water
Sterile water rather than normal saline may be used for
lysis of clots
Suprapubic catheter To drain bladder via an opening
through the abdominal wall
above the pubic bone
Suprapubic prostatectomy May have orders to irrigate prn or continuously
Ureteral catheter To drain urine feom the pelvis of
one kidney, or for splinting ureter
1. Cystoscopy for diagnostic
workups
2. Ureteral surgery
3. Pyelotomy
Never clamp the tube-pelvis of kidney only holds 4-8 mL
Use only 5 mL sterile normal saline if ordered to irrigate
Common Diagnostics Procedures
Noninvasive Diagnostic Procedures
Characteristics:
1. it provides an indirect assessment of organ size, shape, and / or function
2. it is safe
3. it is easily reproducible
4. it requires less complex equipment for recording
5. it does not require the written consent of patient or guardian
General Nursing Tasks:
1. Decrease patients anxieties and offer support by
a. Explain purpose and procedure of test
b. Acknowledge questions regarding safety of the procedure
c. Remain with the patient while the procedure is going on
2. Use procedure in the collection of specimens that avoids contamination
A. Graphic studies of Heart and brain
1. Electrocardiogram (ECG) – graphic record of electrical activity generated by the heart during depolarization and repolarazation.
- diagnose abnormal cardiac rhythms and coronary heart disease
2. Echocardiography (ultrasound cadiography) – graphic record of motions produced by cardiac structure as high-frequency sound vibrations are echoed
though chest wall into the heart.
- used to demonstrate valvular or other structural deformities, detect pericardial effudion, diagnose tumors and cardiomegaly, evaluate
prosthetic valve function.
3. Electroencephalogram (ECG) – graphic record of the electrical potentials generated by the physiological activity of the brain
- used to detect surface lesions or tumors of the brain and presence of epilepsy.
4. Echoencephalogram – beam of ultrasound is passed though the head, and returning echoes are graphically recorded.

5. - used to detect subdural hematomas, intracerebral hemorrhage, or tumors.
B. Roentgenological studies (X-ray)
1. Chest – used to determine size, contour of the heart; size, location, and nature of pulmonary lesions: pleural thickening and effusions: pulmonary
vasculature: disorder of thoracic ones and soft tissues.
- used lead shield to protect pregnant woman
2. Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) – used to determine size, shape, and position of kidney, ureter and bladder
- No special consideration
3. Breast (Mammography) – examination of the breast with or without the injection of the radiopaque substance into the duct of mammary gland.
- used to determined the presence of tumor or cyst (best done a week after menstruation)
- no deodorant, perfume, powder, or ointment in underarm area on the day of X-ray (contains Calcium oxalate)
- May be uncomfortable due to the pressure on the breast. (uses two x-ray plates)
C. Roentgenological studies (FLUOROSCOPY) – requires the ingestion or injection of a contrast medium to visualize the target organ.
Additional Nursing Task:
a. Administration of enemies or cathartics before the procedure and laxative after.
b. Keeping the patient NPO 6-12 hours before examination
c. Ascertain patient’s allergy and allergic reactions
d. Observing for allergic reactions to contrast medium
e. Providing fluid and food after procedure to prevent dehydration
f. Observe stool for color and consistency until barium passes
1. Upper GI (Barium swallow) – ingestion of barium sulfate or meglumine diatrizoate (Gastrografin [white and chalky substance], followed by fluoroscopic
and x-ray examination)
- used to determine patency and caliber of the esophagus and to detect esophageal varices, mobility of gastric wall, presence of ulcer, filling
defects due to tumor, patency of pyloric valve and presence of structural abnormalities
2. Lower GI (Barium Enema) – rectal instillation of barium sulfate followed by glouroscopic and x-ray examination
- used to determine contour and mobility of colon and presence of any space-occupying tumors. Perform before upper GI
Patients preparations:
- no food after evening meal the evening before the test
- stool softener laxatives and enema suppositories to cleanse the bowel before the test
- NPO after midnight before the test
After care:
- increased fluid intake, food and rest
- laxatives for at least two days or until stools are normal in color and consistency
3. Cholecystogram – ingestion of organic iodine contrast medium (Telepaque) followed in 12 hour by x-ray visualization
- gallbladder disease is indicated with poor or no visualization of the bladder
- accurate only if GI and liver function is intact
- perform before barium swallow and barium enema
Patients preparations:
- administer large amount of water with contrast capsule
- low-fat meal before evening before x-ray
- oral laxative of stool softener after meal
- no food allowed after contrast capsule
After care:
- increased fluid intake, food and rest
- observe for any untoward reactions
4. Intravenous Pyelography (IVP) – injection of a radiopaque contrast medium in the vein of the client to visualize ureter, bladder and kidney
Patients preparations:
- Laxative in the evening before the examination
- NPO for 12 hours
- Cleaning enema morning of the procedure
After care:
- increased fluid intake, food and rest;
- observe for any untoward reactions

6. D. Computed Tomography (CT) – an x-ray beam sweeps around the body, allowing measuring of various tissue densities. Provides clear radiographic deficition of
structures that are not visible by other techniques.
- initial scan may be followed by “contrast enhancement” using an injection of contrast agent iodine via vein, followed by a repeat scan.
Patients preparations:
- instructions for eating before test vary
- clear liquids up to 2 hours before the procedure are permitted
E. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – noninvasive technique that produces cross sectional images by exposure to magnetic energy sources. It uses no contrast
medium; takes 30-0 minutes to complete. Patient may still for periods of 5-20 minutes at a time.
Patients preparations:
- patient can take food and medications except for low abdominal and pelvic studies (food and fluid withheld) 4-6 hr to decrease peristalsis)
- Restrictions
a. those who have metal implants
b. those with permanent pacemakers
c. those who are pregnant
F. Ultrasound (sonogram) – uses sound waves to diagnose disorders of the thyroid, kidney, liver, uterus, gallbladder, fetus and intracranial structures of the
neonate.
Patients preparations:
- advise client not to chew gum or smoke before the procedure
- no x-ray
- for gallbladder studies; NPO for 8 hours
- for lower abdomen and uterus ; 32 ounces of water PO 30 minutes before the procedure
G. Pulmonary function studies
• Ventilatory studies – use of incentive spirometer to determine how well the lung is ventilating.
1. Vital capacity (VC) – largest amount of air that can be expelled after maximal inspiration
Normal = 4000 – 5000 mL.
Decrease = indicate lung disease
Increase or decrease = indicate chronic obstructive lung disease
2. Forced expiratory volume (FEV) – percentage of vital capacity that can be forcibly expired in 1, 2, or 3 seconds.
Normal = 80 – 83% in 1 sec
90 – 94% in 2 sec
95 – 97% in 3 sec
decrease = indicate expiratory airway obstruction
H. Sputum Studies
1. Gross sputum evaluations – collection of sputum samples to ascertain quantity, consistency, color and odor
2. Sputum smear – sputum is smeared thinly on a slide so that it can be studied microscopically.
- used to determine cytological changes or presence of pathogenic microorganism
3. Sputum culture – sputum samples are implanted or inoculated into special media.
- used to diagnosed pulmonary infection
I. Examination of the gastric contents
1. Gastric analysis – aspiration of the contents of the fasting stomach analysis of free and total acid
Gastric acidity increase : duodenal ulcer
Gastric acidity decrease : pernicious anemia an cancer of the stomach
J. Doppler ultrasound – measures blood flow in the major veins and arteries. The transducer of the test instrument is placed on the skin, sending ultra-high-
frequency sound.
- sound varies with respiration and valsalva maneuver
- no discomfort to the patient.
K. Glucose Testing – to detect disorder of glucose metabolism, such as diabetes.
1. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) – blood sample is drawn after a 12 fast (usually midnight). Water is allowed.
Normal blood glucose ; 60 – 120 mg/dL
Diabetic patient = 126 mg/dL

7. 2. 2 hr postprandial (PPBS) – blood is taken after meal
Patients preparations:
- offer a high-carbohydrate diet for 2-4 days before testing
- patient fast overnight
- eats a high-carbohydrate breakfast
- blood sample is drawn 2 hr interval
- no cigarette smoking and caffeine for these may increase glucose level
Common Diagnostics Procedures
Invasive Diagnostics Procedures
Characteristics:
1. it directly records the size, shape and function of an organ;
2. it requires the written consent of the patient or guardian;
3. it may result in morbidity and occasionally death.
General Nursing Task:
1. Before procedure:
a. have patient sing permit to procedure
b. ascertain and repot any patient history of allergy or allergic reaction
c. explain procedure briefly and accurately
d. explain that contrast medium might cause flushing or warm feeling
e. keep patient NPO 6-12 hour before procedure if anesthesia is to be used
f. allow patient to verbalize concerns
g. administer preprocedure sedatives, as ordered
h. if procedure done at bed side:
- remain with patient and offer reassurance
- assist with optimal positioning of patient
- observe for indication of complications – shock, pain and dyspnea
2. After procedure:
a. observe and record vital signs
b. check injection or biopsy sites for bleeding, infection, tenderness, or thrombosis
• report untoward reaction to the physician
• apply warm compress to ease discomfort, as ordered
c. if tropical anesthesia is used during procedure, do not give food or fluid until gag reflex returns
d. encourage relaxation by allowing patient to discuss experience and verbalize feelings.
A. Procedures to evaluate the cardiovascular system
1. Angiography – intravenous injection of radiopaque solution or contrast for the purpose of studying its circulation through the patient’s heart, lungs
and great vessels.
- Used to check the competency of the heart valves, diagnose congenital septal defects, study heart function and structure before cardiac
surgery, detect occlusions of coronary arteries.
2. Cardiac catheterization – insertion of a radiopaque catheter into a vein to study the heart great vessels.
- Used to confirm diagnosis of heart disease and determine extent of disease, measure pressures in the heart chamber and great vessels, obtain
estimate of cardiac output, and obtain blood samples to measure oxygen content.
a. Right heart catheterization – catheter is inserted through a cut-down in the antecubital vein into the superior vena cava, through
the right atrium and ventricle and into the pulmonary activity.
b. Left-heart catheterization- catheter maybe passed retrograde to the left ventricle through the brachial and femoral artery, it can
be passed through the left atrium after right-heart catherization by means of a special needle that punctures the septa; or it may
be passed directly into the left ventricle by means of a posterior puncture.
Specific nursing considerations:
1. Preprocedure patient teaching:
a. Fatigue is a common complaint due to lying still for 3 hr
b. Feeling of fluttery sensation while the catheter is passed back into the left ventricle
c. Flushed, warm feeling may occur when contrast medium is injected.
2. Postprocedure observations:
a. monitor ECG pattern for arrhythmias
b. check extremities for color and temperature, peripheral pulses for quality.
3. Angiography (Arteriography) – injection of a contrast medium in to the arteries to
study the vascular tree.

8. - Used to determine obstructions or narrowing of peripheral arteries.
B. Procedure to evaluate the respiratory system
1. Lung scan – injection of radioactive isotope into the body, followed by lung scintiscan, which produces a graphic record of gamma rays emitted by the
isotopes in the tissues.
- used to determine lung perfusion when pulmonary emboli and infarctions are suspected.
2. Pulmonary angioghraphy – x – ray visualization of the pulmonary vasculature after the injection of a radiopaque contrast medium.
- used to evaluate pulmonary disorders such as pulmonary embolism, lung tumor and aneurysms, and changes in the pulmonary vasculature due
to such conditions as emphysema.
3. Bronchoscopy – introduction of a fiberoptic scope into the trachea and bronchi
- used to inspect tracheobronchial tree for pathological changes, remove foreign bodies or mucous plugs causing airway obstruction, and apply
chemotherapeutic agents.
a. Prebronchoscopy interventions:
• oral hygiene
• postural drainage as indicated
b. Postbronchoscopy interventions:
• Instruct patient not to swallow oral secretions
• Save expectorated sputum for laboratory analysis
• NPO till gag reflex returns
• Observe for subcutaneous emphysema and dyspnea
• Apply ice collar to reduce throat discomfort
4. Thoracentesis – needle puncture through the chest wall and into the pleura
- used to remove fluid and occasionally air from the pleural space
- nursing considerations
a. position : high fowler’s position or sitting upon edge of the bed, with feet supported on the chair.
b. If the patient is unable to sit up – turn unto unaffected side
a. Position: high fowler’s position or sitting upon edge of the bed, with feet supported on the chair.
b. If the patient’ is unable to sit up-turn unto unaffected side
C. Procedures to evaluate the renal system
1. Renal angiogram – small catheter is inserted into the femoral artery and passed into the aorta or renal artery, radiopaque fluid is in stilled, and serial
films are taken.
- Used to diagnose renal hypertension and pheochromocytoma and differentiate renal cyst from tumors.
Postangiogram nursing actions:
1. Check pedal pulse for signs of decreased circulation.
2. Cystoscopy – Visualization of bladder, urethra, and prostatic urethra by insertion of a
tubular, lighted, telescopic lens (cystoscope) through the urinary meatus.
- Used to directly inspect the bladder; collect urine from the renal pelvis; obtain biopsy specimens from bladder and urethra; remove calculi; and treat
lesions in the bladder, urethra, and prostate.
Nursing actions following procedure:
• Observe for urinary retention
• Warm sitz baths to relieve discomfort
3. Renal biopsy – needle aspiration of tissue from the kidney for the purpose of
microscopic examination.
Procedures to evaluate the digestive system:
1. Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy – visualization of the esophagus, the stomach, and sometimes the duodenum by means of a lighted tube
inserted through the mouth.
2. Proctoscopy – visualization of rectum and colon by means of a lighted tube inserted through the anus.
3. Peritoneoscopy – direct visualization of the liver and peritoneum by means of a peritoneoscope inserted through an abdominal stab wound.
4. Liver biospsy – needle aspiration of tissue for the purpose of microscopic examination; used to determine tissue changes, facilitate diagnosis,
and provide information regarding a disease course.

9. Nursing action:
1. Place patient on right side and position pillow for pressure, to prevent bleeding.
5. Paracentesis – needle aspiration of fluid from the peritoneal cavity used to relieve excess fluid accumulation or for diagnostic studies.
a. Specific nursing actions before paracentesis:
a. Have patient void - to prevent possible injury to bladder during procedure
b. Position – sitting up on side of bed, with feet supported by chair.
c. Check vital signs and peripheral circulation frequently throughout procedure
d. Observe for signs of hypovolemic shock – may occur due to fluid shift from vascular compartment following
removal of protein – rich ascitic fluid.
b. Specific nursing actions following paracentesis:
a. Apply pressure to injection site and cover with sterile dressing.
b. Measure and record amount and color of ascitic fluid; send specimens to lab for diagnostic studies.
D. Procedures to evaluate the reproductive system in women
1. Culdoscopy – surgical procedure in which a culdoscope is inserted into the posterior vaginal cul-de-sac
- Used to visualize uterus, fallopian tube, and peritoneal contents.
2. Breast biopsy – needle aspiration or incisional removal of breast tissue for microscopic examination.
- used to differentiate among benign tumors, cysts, and malignant tumor in the breast.
3. Uterotubal insufflation (Rubin’s Test) – injection of carbon dioxide into the cervical canal.
- Used to determin fallopian tube patency
E. Procedure to evaluate the neuroendocrine system
1. Cerebral angiography – fluoroscopic visualization of the brain vasculature after injection of a contrast medium into the carotid or vertebral
arteries
- used to localize lesions (tumors, abscesses, and occlusions) that are large enough to distort cerebrovascular blood flow.
2. Myelogram – through a lumbar-puncture needle, a contrast medium is injected into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to visualize
the spinal cord.
- Used to detect herniated or ruptured intervertebral disks, tumors and cysts that compress or distort spinal cord.
Nursing consideration:
• Elevate head of bed = with water soluble contrast
• Flat position – with oil contrast
• V/s every 4 hr for 24 hr.
3. Lumbar puncture – puncture of the lumbar subarachnoid space of the spinal cordwith a needle to withdraw samples of cerebrospinal fluid.
- Used to evaluate CSF for infections and determine presence of hemorrhage.
Note: not done if increased ICP is suspected
Position: Before : fetal position / knee chest position
After : flat or supine
Test Indication
Antigen skin Test to rule-out cancer of the lungs
Benedict’s test For glucose monitoring
Bentonite Flacculation Test Test for filariasis
Beutler’s test Test for galactosemia
Blanching test Determines the impairment in circulation
Bronsulpthalein test Liver angiography
Caloric test Test done by placing water in the ear canal causes nystagmus. A test for inner ear
CD4 determination Checking the immune status to AIDS patient
Cerebral perfusion test Test used to check the cerebral function
Coomb’s test Determines the production of the antibodies. RhoGAM is given (1st
72 hours)
CPK BB Test for brain muscles
CPK MB Test for cardiac muscles: for MI
CPK MM Test for muscle injury
Dark field illumination test and kalm test Determination for the presence of syphilis
Dick test Detect scarlet fever
Dull’s eye test Determines the presence of blindness. Done in 1st
ten days (+) normal (-) abnormal

10. ELISA test Determines presence of HIV
Gram staining and Culture of cervical and urethral
smear
Determination for the presence of gonorrhea
Gross hearing test Test used by whispering words or spoken voice test
Guthrie test Test for PKU
Heat and Acetic acid test For protein or albumin detection
Immunochromatographic test A rapid assessment method done for filariasis. The antigen test that can be done at daytime
Jones Criteria One way of diagnosing Rheumatic heart fever
Lepronin test A screening test for leprosy
Liver enzyme test For SGOT and SGPT
Liver profile test Determines Hepa-b surface antigen
Lumbar puncture Determines for the presence of meningitis and encephalitis. Position the patient in side lying
position
Malaria smear Test to confirm malaria; specimen is taken at the height or peak of fever
Mantoux test Determination for TB exposure
Meniere’s test Test for vestibular function
Methylene blue test For ketone detection
Moloney test Hypersensitivity test for Diphtheria
Oxytocin challege test Determines if the fetus can tolerate uterine contraction; (+) CS is necessary
Pandy’s test Determines the presence of protein in the CSF
Phenosulpthalein test Kidney angiogram
Queckkenstedt’s test Test that involve the compression of jugular veins
Rectal swab Done in patient with cholera, pinworm detection
Rinne Test Shifted between mastoid bone and two inches from the ear canal opening
Romberg’s test Assess gait and station such as ataxia
Schick test Susceptibility test for diphtheria (+) no immunity (-) with immunity
Schiller’s test Staining the cervix with an iodine solution. Healthy tissues will turn brown, while cancerous
tissue resist the stain
Schilling test Used to patient with severe chilling sensation; for confirmation of pernicious anemia
Schwabach test Differentiate between conductive and sensorineural deafness, mastoid of patient and
examiner
Shake test Determines the amount of surfactant in the lungs.
Skin test Purpose it to produce antigen reaction
Slit skin smear A confirmatory test for leprosy
Specific gravity test For diabetes mellitus and insipidus as well as for dehydration
Sperm count test For male infertility (low sperm count-oversex)
Sputum exam For defection and sensitivity of causative microorganism, for pneumonia and TB
Sulkowitch test Urine test detection for calcium deficiency and calcium in the urine
Sweat chloride test Used to diagnosed cystic fibrosis
Tensilon (Endophonium) test For rapid detection of myasthenia gravis
Tonometer Test used to measure ocular tension and helping in detecting early glaucoma N=12-20 mmHg
Torniquet test Done to determine presence of petechiae in Dengue Hemorrhagic fever
TZANK test Determination for the presence of herpes simplex
Weber test Evaluation of bone conduction. Tuning fork is placed on patient’s forehead or teeth
Wedal’s Test For typhoid fever determination
Western blot test A confirmatory for AIDS
Arterial Blood Gases
Type Causes Manifestations Management
Respiratory Acidosis
pH<7.35;
PaCO2>45
. COPD
. Respiratory
. Overdose
. Atelectasis
. Pulmonary edema
. Aspiration
. Weakness
. Tachycardia
. Decreased LOC
. Headache
. Assess VS
. Monitor
. ABG
. CPT
. TCDB

11. Respiratory
Alkalosis
pH>7.45;
PaCO2<35
. Hyperventilation
. Anxiety
. Pain
. Ventilators
. Lightheadedness
. Ringing of the
ears
. Tingling
. Slow
breathing
. Paper bag
Metabolic
Acidosis
pH<7.35;
HCO3,22
. DKA
. Diarrhea
. ASA poisoning
. Renal failure
. Headache
. N/V
. Kussmaul
respiration
. Dysrhythmias
. Administer sodium
bicarbonate
. Monitor I/O
. Use seizure
Precautions
Metabolic
Alkalosis
PH>7.45;
HCO3>26
. Vomiting
. NGT
. Diuretics and
Antacids
. Tingling
. Dizziness
. Bradypnea
. Monitor VS
. I/O
. ABG
Remember : Respiratory Opposite; Metabolic Equal
Facts : pH = 7.35 – 7.45 PCO2 = 34 – 45 HCO3=22-26