Mais conteúdo relacionado Semelhante a Saving High Quality Acoustic Habitat: Identifying areas of relative natural quiet (20) Mais de Acoustic Ecology Institute (12) Saving High Quality Acoustic Habitat: Identifying areas of relative natural quiet4. Soundscape monitoring and modeling
Listening in remote waters
Bowhead whale acous%c world
One year, six research teams
2300km transect, 20 sites
Van Opzeeland, I., Samaran, F., Stafford, K. M., Findlay, K., Gedamke, J.,
Harris, D., & Miller, B. S. (2014). Towards collec3ve circum-antarc3c passive
acous3c monitoring: the southern ocean hydrophone network (SOHN).
Polarforschung, 83(2), 47-61
Clark, Berchok, Blackwell, Hannay, Jones, Ponirakis, Stafford. A year in the
acous3c world of bowhead whales in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas.
Progress in Oceanography 136 (2015) 223-240
Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network
SOHN
10. Promising research direc%ons
ACCOBAMS “noise hotspots” mapping
A Maglio, G Pavan, M Castellote, S Frey. Overview of the Noise Hotspots in the ACCOBAMS Area, Part I
- Mediterranean Sea. ACCOBAMS Technical report, January 2016. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2574.8560/1
Number of noise sources
Sources include seismic, shipping,
harbor traffic, offshore energy sites,
Naval exercises
(data incomplete in some areas)
Note cetacean habitat areas (hatched) with 1 or 2 noise sources
Conserva3on poten3al, especially if source is transient
13. Promising research direc%ons
Iden%fying areas with predominantly natural soundscapes
Williams, Clark,Ponirakas, Ashe. Acous3c quality of cri3cal habitats for three threatened whale popula3ons. Animal Conserva3on (2013)
“The quietest sites in our study (primarily mainland inlets) have substan%al
periods of quiet that are quieter than any recorded off the US east coast
(Hatch et al., 2012). As researchers consider experimental approaches to
beAer quan3fy ecosystem-level effects of noise (Boyd et al., 2011), unusually
quiet places like BC’s mainland inlets may present opportuni%es for
conduc%ng ocean noise or quie%ng experiments, or to consider novel
conserva%on mechanisms to preserve acous%c wilderness sites.
The quietest noise measurements in our study match those reported by Urick
(1983). This means that there are places and %mes today where once-normal
windows of quiet s%ll exist. For marine mammals and fishes, these are the
levels in which natural and sexual selec%on occurred, and these are the
condi3ons under which the ‘acous3c arms race’ between predator and prey
evolved (Tyack & Clark, 2000). Today, throughout the Northern Hemisphere,
those once-normal levels are becoming the excep%on rather than the rule.”
14. Toward acous%c refuges
Lots of talk, li`le ac%on, in MPA and Marine Sanctuary realm
2009 policy joining NPS in managing noise
“The Na3onal Marine Sanctuary will use the tools and
authori3es at its disposal to prevent and/or mi%gate
human-induced acous%c impacts on sanctuary
resources..... As feasible and as necessary, consider
regula%on to mi%gate or eliminate ac%vi%es that
generate human-induced acous3c impacts to
sanctuary resources.”
Policy Guidance, Office of Na3onal Marine Sanctuaries. Human-induced acous3c impacts on marine life. March 2009. Daniel J. Bastra, Director.
Leila T Hatch, Kurt M Fristrup. No barrier at the boundaries: implemen3ng regional frameworks for noise management in protected natural areas.
Mar Ecol Prog Ser Vol. 395: 223-244, 2009.
“In the marine realm, emerging noise management prac3ces (and)
the broad mandate of the NMSA provides a unique opportunity
to create noise management prac%ces and regula%ons that
represent today’s best available science.”
Leila Hatch, NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Na=onal Marine Sanctuary
Kurt Fristrup, Na=onal Park Service, Natural Sounds Program Center
15. Toward acous%c refuges
Lots of talk, li`le ac%on, in MPA and Marine Sanctuary realm
North American Intergovernmental Commi`ee on Protec%on
for Wilderness and Protected Area Conserva%on
CONSERVING MARINE WILDERNESS , Marine Wilderness Working Group Consensus Version, 2011, 2013.
Jim Cummings. Sound/Noise and Marine Life: Why assessing, monitoring, and perhaps regula3ng sound
in MPAs could be helpful. Marine Wilderness 10+10 Workshop, February 2015.
2011 Consensus Statement on Marine Wilderness
“Establishing marine wilderness protected areas should be
considered a NAWPA objec%ve achievable over the long term. ...
These can serve as clear examples of marine areas with ecologically
intact ecosystems that have management goals which preserve the
wild character and nature of these special places.”
• Protec3ng spawning habitat, reproduc3on areas, foraging grounds,
migratory stopover habitat
• Limi%ng human ac%vi%es in some areas including transporta%on,
energy extrac%on and explora%on, and military opera%ons
17. Terrestrial wildlands: good news?
85% of protected lands have rela%vely modest noise impacts
US protected lands of all kinds (federal, state, local, private)
3dB+ human impact: 15% of protected area (yellow, red)
But: 56% of units! (3ny speckles, preserves in red)
R Buxton, MF McKenna, E Brown, D Mennit, K Fristrup, K Crooks, L Angeloni, G WiAemyer. Noise pollu3on in US protected areas. AAAS Poster.
32. Some surprises
Shipping noise not rising in all areas
North Pacific
1960s-1990s 3dB/decade
trends have changed
JL Miklos-Olds, SM Nichols. Is low frequency ocean sound increasing globally? J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 139 (1), January 2016, 501-511
Andrew, R. K., Howe, B. M., and Mercer, J. A. (2011). “Long-3me trends in ship traffic noise for four sites off the North American West Coast,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129, 642–651.
Miksis-Olds, J. L., Bradley, D. L., and Niu, X. M. (2013). “Decadal trends in Indian Ocean ambient sound,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134, 3464–3475.
Miksis-Olds, J. L., Bradley, D. L., and Niu, X. M. (2014). “Erratum: Decadal trends in Indian Ocean ambient sound [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 134(5), 3464–3475 (2013)],” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 135, 1642.
Indian Ocean
S3ll increasing
South Atlan%c
Equatorial Pacific
Signs of recent leveling,
but likely higher than 80s