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Lesson Recap
Lesson 10
person は noun を verb
In lesson 6 and 7 we learned basic motion verbs like いきます/きます/かえりま
す as to go/to come/ to return. Here in next two lessons we learn about
verbs that describe basic human actions. These are often called action
verbs and the basic form of a sentence looks as below;
action verb。
The particle を indicates direct objects, the kind of things that are directly
involved in, or affected by, the event/action.
person は
w a o
noun を
Verbs that take a Grammatical Object
o
PRESENT FROMPRESENT FROM PAST FORMPAST FORM
aff. neg. aff. neg.
eat
たべます
tabemasu
たべません
tabemasen
たべました
tabemashita
たべませんでした
tabemasendeshita
drink
のみます
nomimasu
のみません
nomimasen
のみました
nomimashita
のみませんでした
nomimasendeshita
buy
かいます
kaimasu
かいません
kaimasen
かいました
kaimashita
かいませんでした
kaimasendeshita
read
よみます
yomimasu
よみません
yomimasen
よみました
yomimashita
よみませんでした
yomimasendeshita
listen (to)
ききます
kikimasu
ききません
kikimasen
ききました
kikimashita
ききませんでした
kikimasendeshita
see
みます
mimasu
みません
mimasen
みました
mimashita
みませんでした
mimasendeshita
do
します
shimasu
しません
shimasen
しました
shimashita
しませんでした
shimasendeshita
Conjugation of Action Verbs
The verb します(to do) is usually accompanied by a direct object with the
particle を as テニスをします(to do tennis).
shimasu
o tenisu o shimasu
テニスをします
べんきょうをします
かいものをします
しごとをします
tenisu o shimasu
benkyou o shimasu
kaimono o shimasu
shigoto o shimasu
しますをdirect object
to do/play tennis
to do study
to do shopping
to do job
eat or drink?
*Refer each word on page 90 of the text book
たべます group
を たべます。
あさごはん
ひるごはん
ばんごはん
サンドイッチサラダ
のみます group
を のみます。
**We DRINK soup in Japanese.
**
*
*さけ is often called おさけ.
sake osake
コーヒー
こうちゃ
おちゃ
(お)さけ
ジュース
スープ
ミルク/ぎゅうにゅう
***
***Milk is also called ぎゅうにゅう
as its original Japanese word.
gyuunyuu
The particle で indicates where the action described by the
verb takes place.
レストラン
resutoran
Mr. Smith ate stake in the restaurant.
スミスさんは レストランで ステーキを たべました。
sumisu san wa resutoran de suteeki o tabemashita
としょかん
toshokanMr. Smith read books in the library.
スミスさんは としょかんで ほんを よみました。
sumisu san wa toshokan de hon o yomimashita
*ステーキ = stake
suteeki
*
To find out where the action described by the verb takes place, you use the
question word どこ with a particle で .
Where did Mr. Smith eat stake?
スミスさんは どこで ステーキを たべましたか。
sumisu san wa doko de suteeki o tabemashitaka
Where did Mr. Smith read books?
スミスさんは どこで ほんを よみましたか。
sumisu san wa doko de hon o yomimashitaka
?
レストランで たべました。
resutoran de tabemashita
としょかんで よみました。
toshokan de yomimashita
doko
どこ
?
どこ
To find out what the direct object is/was, you use the question word
なに .
What did Mr. Smith eat in the restaurant?
Where did Mr. Smith read books?
?
ステーキを たべました。
suteeki o tabemashita
ほんを よみました。
hon o yomimashita
nani
スミスさんは レストランで なにを たべましたか。
sumisu san wa resutoran de nani o tabemashitaka
スミスさんは としょかんで なにを よみましたか。
sumisu san wa toshokan de nani o yomimashitaka
?
レストラン
resutoran
としょかん
toshokan
なに
なに
To find out one s activity in a particular time, you use the question
word なに with the verb do/します which represents all actions.
What did Mr. Smith do yesterday?
What did Mr. Smith do last Monday?
(スミスさんは きのう) レストランで ステーキを たべました。
suteeki o tabemashita
としょかんで ほんを よみました。
hon o yomimashita
nani
スミスさんは きのう なにを しましたか。
sumisu san wa kinou nani o shimashitaka
スミスさんは せんしゅうのげつようびに なにをしましたか。
sumisu san wa senshuu no getsuyoubi ni
レストラン
resutoran
としょかん
toshokan
shimasu
resutoran de
toshokan de
?
yesterday
nani o shimashitaka
?
last Monday
sumisu san wa kinou
(スミスさんは せんしゅうのげつようびに)
sumisu san wa senshuu no getsuyoubi ni

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L10 grammar Note

  • 1. Lesson Recap Lesson 10 person は noun を verb
  • 2. In lesson 6 and 7 we learned basic motion verbs like いきます/きます/かえりま す as to go/to come/ to return. Here in next two lessons we learn about verbs that describe basic human actions. These are often called action verbs and the basic form of a sentence looks as below; action verb。 The particle を indicates direct objects, the kind of things that are directly involved in, or affected by, the event/action. person は w a o noun を Verbs that take a Grammatical Object o
  • 3. PRESENT FROMPRESENT FROM PAST FORMPAST FORM aff. neg. aff. neg. eat たべます tabemasu たべません tabemasen たべました tabemashita たべませんでした tabemasendeshita drink のみます nomimasu のみません nomimasen のみました nomimashita のみませんでした nomimasendeshita buy かいます kaimasu かいません kaimasen かいました kaimashita かいませんでした kaimasendeshita read よみます yomimasu よみません yomimasen よみました yomimashita よみませんでした yomimasendeshita listen (to) ききます kikimasu ききません kikimasen ききました kikimashita ききませんでした kikimasendeshita see みます mimasu みません mimasen みました mimashita みませんでした mimasendeshita do します shimasu しません shimasen しました shimashita しませんでした shimasendeshita Conjugation of Action Verbs The verb します(to do) is usually accompanied by a direct object with the particle を as テニスをします(to do tennis). shimasu o tenisu o shimasu
  • 4. テニスをします べんきょうをします かいものをします しごとをします tenisu o shimasu benkyou o shimasu kaimono o shimasu shigoto o shimasu しますをdirect object to do/play tennis to do study to do shopping to do job
  • 5. eat or drink? *Refer each word on page 90 of the text book
  • 7. のみます group を のみます。 **We DRINK soup in Japanese. ** * *さけ is often called おさけ. sake osake コーヒー こうちゃ おちゃ (お)さけ ジュース スープ ミルク/ぎゅうにゅう *** ***Milk is also called ぎゅうにゅう as its original Japanese word. gyuunyuu
  • 8. The particle で indicates where the action described by the verb takes place. レストラン resutoran Mr. Smith ate stake in the restaurant. スミスさんは レストランで ステーキを たべました。 sumisu san wa resutoran de suteeki o tabemashita としょかん toshokanMr. Smith read books in the library. スミスさんは としょかんで ほんを よみました。 sumisu san wa toshokan de hon o yomimashita *ステーキ = stake suteeki *
  • 9. To find out where the action described by the verb takes place, you use the question word どこ with a particle で . Where did Mr. Smith eat stake? スミスさんは どこで ステーキを たべましたか。 sumisu san wa doko de suteeki o tabemashitaka Where did Mr. Smith read books? スミスさんは どこで ほんを よみましたか。 sumisu san wa doko de hon o yomimashitaka ? レストランで たべました。 resutoran de tabemashita としょかんで よみました。 toshokan de yomimashita doko どこ ? どこ
  • 10. To find out what the direct object is/was, you use the question word なに . What did Mr. Smith eat in the restaurant? Where did Mr. Smith read books? ? ステーキを たべました。 suteeki o tabemashita ほんを よみました。 hon o yomimashita nani スミスさんは レストランで なにを たべましたか。 sumisu san wa resutoran de nani o tabemashitaka スミスさんは としょかんで なにを よみましたか。 sumisu san wa toshokan de nani o yomimashitaka ? レストラン resutoran としょかん toshokan なに なに
  • 11. To find out one s activity in a particular time, you use the question word なに with the verb do/します which represents all actions. What did Mr. Smith do yesterday? What did Mr. Smith do last Monday? (スミスさんは きのう) レストランで ステーキを たべました。 suteeki o tabemashita としょかんで ほんを よみました。 hon o yomimashita nani スミスさんは きのう なにを しましたか。 sumisu san wa kinou nani o shimashitaka スミスさんは せんしゅうのげつようびに なにをしましたか。 sumisu san wa senshuu no getsuyoubi ni レストラン resutoran としょかん toshokan shimasu resutoran de toshokan de ? yesterday nani o shimashitaka ? last Monday sumisu san wa kinou (スミスさんは せんしゅうのげつようびに) sumisu san wa senshuu no getsuyoubi ni