SlideShare uma empresa Scribd logo
1 de 12
Baixar para ler offline
Japanese for Busy People 1
Lesson 14
Grammar Notes of Japanese Adjectives 2
1. Conjugating Adjectives to Past Tense
1-1: i-adjectives
Please answer the question below;

Q1:

k i n o u

n a n i o

t a b e mashi t a k a

きのう なにを たべましたか。
What did you eat yesterday?

The question asks What did you eat yesterday? with the question word
なに(nani) . Say if you had sushi yesterday, your answer would be;

A1:

sushi o

t a b e mashi t a

すしを たべました。
I had(ate) sushi.
Then you are asked another question as;

Q2:

sushiwa

d o u deshi t a k a

すしは どうでしたか。
How was the sushi?

The question asks How was the sushi? with a question word
どう(dou) . Say if you liked the sushi and you d like to answer it as
It was delicious. ;

sushiwa

o i s h i i desu

A2: (すしは)おいしいです。
It is delicious.
Now you ve noticed what is wrong with the answer in Japanese above.
You definitely have to change おいしいです (oishii desu) to a past tense.
But it will not become おいしいでした (oishii deshita) .
Let s take a look how we conjugate adjectives to the past tense.
1-1: i-adjectives
i-adjectives in the past tense relatively follow the pattern to the present
negative form ;
Present Affirmative

Present Negative

おいしいです

おいしくないです

oishii desu

oishiku naidesu

You remove the final い(i) in each i-adjective then replace it to either かった
(katta) as the past affirmative or くなかった(kunakatta) as the past negative.

Present Affirmative

Past Affirmative

おいしいです

おいしかったです

oishii desu

oishikatta desu

Past Negative

おいしくなかったです
oishiku nakattadesu

Thus the answer to the last question on the previous page should be;
A2:

(すしは)おいしかったです。
sushi wa o i s h i k a t t a d e s u

=

It was delicious.
1-1: i-adjectives
However, there is one exception which is いいです(iidesu) , just as you ve learned its
affirmative negative form as よくないです(yokunaidesu) , the past tense for both
affirmative and negative forms follow the same pattern;
Present Negative

よくないです
yoku naidesu

Present Affirmative

いいです
iidesu

Past Affirmative

よかったです
yokatta desu

Past Negative

よくなかったです
yoku nakattadesu

Please note that いいです(iidesu) has an other form as よいです(yoidesu) as the
same term, and よ(yo) out of this other form appears in above three conjugations.
Let s take a look at the chart on the textbook page 133 for other i-adjective
conjugations with audio files for you to review them.
A. Practice conjugating : i-adjectives
PRESENT FORM

PAST FORM

aff.
cold
hot
fun
good
bad
interesting
tasty
boring

neg.

aff.

neg.

さむいです

さむくないです

さむかったです

さむくなかったです

samui desu

samuku naidesu

samukatta desu

samuku nakattadesu

あついです

あつくないです

あつかったです

あつくなかったです

atsui desu

a t s uku naidesu

a t s ukatta desu

a t s uku nakattadesu

たのしいです

たのしくないです

tanoshii desu

tanoshiku naidesu

tanoshikatta desu

tanoshiku nakattadesu

いいです

よくないです

よかったです

よくなかったです

ii desu

yoku naidesu

yokatta desu

yoku nakattadesu

わるいです

わるくないです

わるかったです

わるくなかったです

warui desu

w a r uku naidesu

w a r ukatta desu

w a r uku nakattadesu

おもしろいです

たのしかったです たのしくなかったです

omoshiroi desu

おもしろくないです おもしろかったです おもしろくなかったで
omoshiroku naidesu omoshirokatta desu omoshiroku nakattadesu
す

おいしいです

おいしくないです おいしかったです おいしくなかったです

oishii desu

つまらないです
tsumaranai desu

o i s h i ku naidesu

o i s h i katta desu

o i s h i ku nakattadesu

つまらなくないです つまらなかったです つまらなくなかったで
tsumaranaku naidesu tsumaranakatta desu tsumaranaku nakattadesu
す
1. Conjugating Adjectives to Past Tense
1-2: na-adjectives
Please answer the question below;
s e n s h u u

p

a

a

t

i

i n i

i k i mashi t a k a

Q1: せんしゅう パーティーに いきましたか。
Did you go to the party last week?
Say if you went to the party last week, your answer would be;
h a i

i k i mashi t a

A1: はい、いきました。
Yes, I did.
1. Conjugating Adjectives to Past Tense
1-2: na-adjectives
Then you are asked another question as;

Q2 :

p

a

a

t

i

i wa

d o u

deshi t a k a

(パーティーは) どう でしたか。
How was the party?

The question asks How was the party? with the question word どう(dou) .
Say if you think the party was lively and you d like to answer as It was lively. ;

A2 :

p

a

a

t

i

i wa

n i g i y a k adesu

(パーティーは)にぎやかです。
It is lively.

Again, you ve noticed what is wrong with the answer in Japanese above.
You definitely have to change にぎやかです (nigiyaka desu) to the past tense.
Now it will become にぎやかでした (nigiyaka deshita) .
As you see the naadjectives have mush simpler conjugations than i-adjectives.
Let s take a look how we conjugate na-adjectives to the past tense.
1-2: na-adjectives
na-adjectives in the past tense relatively follow the pattern to the present negative
form as well ;
Present Affirmative

Present Negative

にぎやかです

にぎやかではありません

nigiyaka desu

nigiyaka dewa arimasen

You just replace です(desu) to either でした(deshita) as the past affirmative or
ではありませんでした(dewa arimasen deshita) as the past negative.

Present Affirmative

Past Affirmative

にぎやかです

にぎやかでした

nigiyaka desu

nigiyaka desita

Past Negative

にぎやかではありませんでした
nigiyaka dewa arimasen deshita

Thus the answer to the last question on the previous page should be;
A2:

(パーティーは)にぎやかでした。
paatii wa nigiyakadeshita

=

It was lively.
1-2: na-adjectives
In many cases, learners attach な(na) when they conjugate na-adjectives as the
previous page. Please note that it is incorrect and な(na) is only added when
na-adjectives modify nouns ;
Present Affirmative

にぎやかです

It s lively.

nigiyaka desu

Modifying Noun

にぎやかな パーティーです

It s a lively party.

nigiyaka na paatii desu

Present Negative

にぎやかなではありません
nigiyaka na dewa arimasen

Past Affirmative

These are all incorrect !

にぎやかなでした
nigiyaka na desita

Past Negative

にぎやかなではありませんでした
nigiyaka na dewa arimasen deshita

Let s take a look at the chart on the textbook page 133 for other na-adjective
conjugations with audio files for you to review them.
A. Practice conjugating : na-adjectives

PRESENT FORM

PAST FORM

aff.
pretty
quiet
lively

neg.

aff.

neg.

きれいです

きれいではありません

きれいでした

きれいではありませんでした

kirei desu

kiei dewa arimasenn

kirei deshita

kirei dewa arimasen deshita

しずかです

しずかではありません

しずかでした

しずかではありませんでした

shizuka desu

shizuka dewa arimasenn

shizuka deshita

shizuka dewa arimasen deshita

にぎやかでした

にぎやかではありませんでした

nigiyaka deshita

nigiyaka dewa arimasen deshita

にぎやかです にぎやかではありません
nigiyaka desu

nigiyaka dewa arimasenn

You can practice various conjugations with Drills provided separately.
Extent in Japanese
100 %

とても

Very, Extremely

まあまあ

kind of, so so

あまり

not very, not much

totemo

maamaa

amari

0%

ぜんぜん

not at all

zenzen

あまり(amari) and ぜんぜん(zenzen) anticipate the negative at the end of the sentence.
ex.

この えいがは とても おもしろいです。 This movie is very interesting.
kono eiga wa totemo omoshiroi desu

この えいがは まあまあ おもしろいです。 This movie is kind of interesting.
kono eiga wa maamaa omoshiroi desu

この えいがは あまり おもしろくないです。 This movie is not very interesting.
kono eiga wa amari omoshiroku naidesu

この えいがは ぜんぜん おもしろくないです。 This movie is not interesting at all.
kono eiga wa zenzen omoshiroku naidesu

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6
常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6
常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6Hetty Hsiao
 
Statics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manual
Statics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions ManualStatics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manual
Statics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manualbyrunugy
 
Introduction to Classical Japanese Orthography
Introduction to Classical Japanese OrthographyIntroduction to Classical Japanese Orthography
Introduction to Classical Japanese OrthographyAdam Clark
 
Solution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_hole
Solution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_holeSolution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_hole
Solution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_holePraditaFirmansyah
 
The japanese language
The japanese languageThe japanese language
The japanese languageRecklessLee
 
JBP-1/ Lesson 20/Temoiidesuka
JBP-1/ Lesson 20/TemoiidesukaJBP-1/ Lesson 20/Temoiidesuka
JBP-1/ Lesson 20/TemoiidesukaAccura Kurosawa
 
Basics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animated
Basics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animatedBasics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animated
Basics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animatedPeter Missen
 
Mechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manual
Mechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manualMechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manual
Mechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manualErzin Cahyo
 
Instructor solution manual for chapter 10 indeterminate structures "structur...
Instructor solution manual for chapter 10  indeterminate structures "structur...Instructor solution manual for chapter 10  indeterminate structures "structur...
Instructor solution manual for chapter 10 indeterminate structures "structur...Omar Daher
 
New cutting edge intermediate
New cutting edge intermediate New cutting edge intermediate
New cutting edge intermediate Tien Nguyen
 
汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧
汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧
汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧Hetty Hsiao
 
Formulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.ppt
Formulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.pptFormulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.ppt
Formulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.pptSamirsinh Parmar
 
Quick study Japanese grammar
Quick study Japanese grammarQuick study Japanese grammar
Quick study Japanese grammarChan Pimean
 
134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4
134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4
134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4Lucas Cirigliano
 
Japanese Conjugation Cheatsheet
Japanese Conjugation CheatsheetJapanese Conjugation Cheatsheet
Japanese Conjugation CheatsheetIto Ree
 
Introduction to japanese language hajimete no nihongo
Introduction to japanese language   hajimete no nihongoIntroduction to japanese language   hajimete no nihongo
Introduction to japanese language hajimete no nihongohonyakujimusho
 
A dictionary of basic japanese grammar
A dictionary of basic japanese grammarA dictionary of basic japanese grammar
A dictionary of basic japanese grammarthomaskerins3
 

Mais procurados (20)

常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6
常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6
常用汉语语法分级表 HSK 1-6
 
Statics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manual
Statics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions ManualStatics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manual
Statics Mechanics of Materials 4th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manual
 
Introduction to Classical Japanese Orthography
Introduction to Classical Japanese OrthographyIntroduction to Classical Japanese Orthography
Introduction to Classical Japanese Orthography
 
Solution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_hole
Solution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_holeSolution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_hole
Solution 2 3_8_bar_with_a_hole
 
The japanese language
The japanese languageThe japanese language
The japanese language
 
JBP-1/ Lesson 20/Temoiidesuka
JBP-1/ Lesson 20/TemoiidesukaJBP-1/ Lesson 20/Temoiidesuka
JBP-1/ Lesson 20/Temoiidesuka
 
Basics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animated
Basics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animatedBasics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animated
Basics of the japanese language session 1 v4 animated
 
Mechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manual
Mechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manualMechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manual
Mechanics of materials 4th edition beer johnston solution manual
 
Instructor solution manual for chapter 10 indeterminate structures "structur...
Instructor solution manual for chapter 10  indeterminate structures "structur...Instructor solution manual for chapter 10  indeterminate structures "structur...
Instructor solution manual for chapter 10 indeterminate structures "structur...
 
New cutting edge intermediate
New cutting edge intermediate New cutting edge intermediate
New cutting edge intermediate
 
汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧
汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧
汉语口语手册《听我们说汉语(一)》by 黃巧
 
Structures and Materials- Section 2 Tension
Structures and Materials- Section 2 TensionStructures and Materials- Section 2 Tension
Structures and Materials- Section 2 Tension
 
Drill8 guidance
Drill8 guidanceDrill8 guidance
Drill8 guidance
 
Formulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.ppt
Formulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.pptFormulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.ppt
Formulation of Two-Dimensional Elasticity Problems.ppt
 
Quick study Japanese grammar
Quick study Japanese grammarQuick study Japanese grammar
Quick study Japanese grammar
 
134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4
134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4
134269040 beer-mechanics-of-materials-5e-solutions-chapter-4
 
Japanese Conjugation Cheatsheet
Japanese Conjugation CheatsheetJapanese Conjugation Cheatsheet
Japanese Conjugation Cheatsheet
 
Introduction to japanese language hajimete no nihongo
Introduction to japanese language   hajimete no nihongoIntroduction to japanese language   hajimete no nihongo
Introduction to japanese language hajimete no nihongo
 
01 01 chapgere[1]
01 01 chapgere[1]01 01 chapgere[1]
01 01 chapgere[1]
 
A dictionary of basic japanese grammar
A dictionary of basic japanese grammarA dictionary of basic japanese grammar
A dictionary of basic japanese grammar
 

Destaque

JBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction new
JBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction newJBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction new
JBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction newAccura Kurosawa
 
Mashouka introduction new
Mashouka introduction newMashouka introduction new
Mashouka introduction newAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suru
JBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suruJBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suru
JBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suruAccura Kurosawa
 
Shukan / Routine Activities
Shukan / Routine ActivitiesShukan / Routine Activities
Shukan / Routine ActivitiesAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji List
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji ListJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji List
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji ListAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"Accura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatations
JBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatationsJBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatations
JBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatationsAccura Kurosawa
 
Thousands and bigger numbers in Japanese
Thousands and bigger numbers in JapaneseThousands and bigger numbers in Japanese
Thousands and bigger numbers in JapaneseAccura Kurosawa
 
Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2
Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2
Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2Accura Kurosawa
 

Destaque (20)

JBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction new
JBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction newJBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction new
JBP1 / L16 Mashouka introduction new
 
Mashouka introduction new
Mashouka introduction newMashouka introduction new
Mashouka introduction new
 
L8 grammar 4
L8 grammar 4L8 grammar 4
L8 grammar 4
 
L6 grammar 3
L6 grammar 3L6 grammar 3
L6 grammar 3
 
Drill forpositions1
Drill forpositions1Drill forpositions1
Drill forpositions1
 
JBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suru
JBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suruJBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suru
JBP3 / Lesson 4 / Drill1 / 〜naide suru
 
Shukan / Routine Activities
Shukan / Routine ActivitiesShukan / Routine Activities
Shukan / Routine Activities
 
L10 grammar Note
L10 grammar NoteL10 grammar Note
L10 grammar Note
 
Expressing frequensy
Expressing frequensyExpressing frequensy
Expressing frequensy
 
Lesson 24, Grammar Note
Lesson 24, Grammar NoteLesson 24, Grammar Note
Lesson 24, Grammar Note
 
Ni ikimasu te-kaerimasu
Ni ikimasu te-kaerimasuNi ikimasu te-kaerimasu
Ni ikimasu te-kaerimasu
 
Kanji list l4
Kanji list l4Kanji list l4
Kanji list l4
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji List
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji ListJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji List
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji List
 
L6 grammar short
L6 grammar shortL6 grammar short
L6 grammar short
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
JBP-2 / Lesson 7 / Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
 
Mashouka introduction2
Mashouka introduction2Mashouka introduction2
Mashouka introduction2
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatations
JBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatationsJBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatations
JBP-2 / Lesson 8 / Indirect quatations
 
Thousands and bigger numbers in Japanese
Thousands and bigger numbers in JapaneseThousands and bigger numbers in Japanese
Thousands and bigger numbers in Japanese
 
L11 grammar note
L11 grammar noteL11 grammar note
L11 grammar note
 
Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2
Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2
Lesson 3 asking & telling time in Japanese grammar_2
 

Mais de Accura Kurosawa

JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & LearnAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagara
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagaraJBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagara
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagaraAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suru
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suruJBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suru
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suruAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasu
JBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasuJBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasu
JBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasuAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & LearnAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & LearnAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & LearnAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing DrillAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & LearnAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Workbook
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / WorkbookJBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Workbook
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / WorkbookAccura Kurosawa
 
JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)
JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)
JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)Accura Kurosawa
 

Mais de Accura Kurosawa (20)

JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Writing Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Reading Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 6 / Kanji Look & Learn
 
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagara
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagaraJBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagara
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill2 / 〜nagara
 
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suru
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suruJBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suru
JBP3 / Lesson 5 / Drill1 / ku ni_suru
 
JBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasu
JBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasuJBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasu
JBP-3 / Lesson 4 / Drill 2 / 〜tearimasu
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5/ Kanji Reading Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Writing Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 5 / Kanji Look & Learn
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4/ Kanji Reading Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Writing Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 4 / Kanji Look & Learn
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Reading Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Writing Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 1/ Kanji Look & Learn
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Kanji Reading Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing DrillJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing Drill
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Writing Drill
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & LearnJBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & Learn
JBP-2 / Lesson 13 / Kanji Look & Learn
 
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Workbook
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / WorkbookJBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Workbook
JBP-2 / Lesson 1 / Workbook
 
JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)
JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)
JBP-1 / Lesson 12 / Adj miniexam (30 min)
 

Último

My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」
My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」
My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」inspirehighstaff03
 
Establishment and operation of medical corporations.pdf
Establishment and operation of medical corporations.pdfEstablishment and operation of medical corporations.pdf
Establishment and operation of medical corporations.pdfoganekyokoi
 
KARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhr
KARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrKARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhr
KARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrRodolfFernandez1
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」inspirehighstaff03
 
【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide
【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide
【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slidessusere0a682
 
My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」inspirehighstaff03
 
What I did before opening my business..pdf
What I did before opening my business..pdfWhat I did before opening my business..pdf
What I did before opening my business..pdfoganekyokoi
 
My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」
My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」
My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」inspirehighstaff03
 
International Politics I - Lecture 1
International Politics I - Lecture 1International Politics I - Lecture 1
International Politics I - Lecture 1Toru Oga
 
Divorce agreements in administrative work.pdf
Divorce agreements in administrative work.pdfDivorce agreements in administrative work.pdf
Divorce agreements in administrative work.pdfoganekyokoi
 
My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdf
My Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdfMy Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdf
My Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdfinspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」inspirehighstaff03
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」
My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」
My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」inspirehighstaff03
 

Último (20)

My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」
My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」
My Inspire High Award 2024      「家族とは何か」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ、好きなことにいつかは飽きるの」
 
Establishment and operation of medical corporations.pdf
Establishment and operation of medical corporations.pdfEstablishment and operation of medical corporations.pdf
Establishment and operation of medical corporations.pdf
 
KARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhr
KARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrKARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhr
KARAPATANG PANTAO.pptxhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhrhr
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「スーパーマーケットで回収されたキャベツ外葉は廃棄されているの?」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ人は他人と違うところがあってもそれをなかなか誇れないのか?」
 
【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide
【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide
【ゲーム理論入門】ChatGPTが作成した ゲーム理論の問題を解く #3 Slide
 
My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「AIと仲良くなるには?」
 
What I did before opening my business..pdf
What I did before opening my business..pdfWhat I did before opening my business..pdf
What I did before opening my business..pdf
 
My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」
My Inspire High Award 2024  「正義って存在するの?」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「老いることは不幸なこと?」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024    「孤独は敵なのか?」
 
My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」
My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」
My Inspire High Award2024「外国人が日本のテーブルマナーに驚く理由は?」
 
International Politics I - Lecture 1
International Politics I - Lecture 1International Politics I - Lecture 1
International Politics I - Lecture 1
 
Divorce agreements in administrative work.pdf
Divorce agreements in administrative work.pdfDivorce agreements in administrative work.pdf
Divorce agreements in administrative work.pdf
 
My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」
My Inspire High Award 2024 「本当の『悪者』って何?」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「他者と自分、対立を防ぐには?」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdf
My Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdfMy Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdf
My Inspire High Award 2024「Yakushima Islandってなんか変じゃない?」.pdf
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」
My Inspire High Award 2024「なぜ議会への関心が低いのか?」
 
My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」
My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」
My Inspire High Award 2024「世の中の流行はどのようにして生まれるのか」
 

Grammar notes l14

  • 1. Japanese for Busy People 1 Lesson 14 Grammar Notes of Japanese Adjectives 2
  • 2. 1. Conjugating Adjectives to Past Tense 1-1: i-adjectives Please answer the question below; Q1: k i n o u n a n i o t a b e mashi t a k a きのう なにを たべましたか。 What did you eat yesterday? The question asks What did you eat yesterday? with the question word なに(nani) . Say if you had sushi yesterday, your answer would be; A1: sushi o t a b e mashi t a すしを たべました。 I had(ate) sushi.
  • 3. Then you are asked another question as; Q2: sushiwa d o u deshi t a k a すしは どうでしたか。 How was the sushi? The question asks How was the sushi? with a question word どう(dou) . Say if you liked the sushi and you d like to answer it as It was delicious. ; sushiwa o i s h i i desu A2: (すしは)おいしいです。 It is delicious. Now you ve noticed what is wrong with the answer in Japanese above. You definitely have to change おいしいです (oishii desu) to a past tense. But it will not become おいしいでした (oishii deshita) . Let s take a look how we conjugate adjectives to the past tense.
  • 4. 1-1: i-adjectives i-adjectives in the past tense relatively follow the pattern to the present negative form ; Present Affirmative Present Negative おいしいです おいしくないです oishii desu oishiku naidesu You remove the final い(i) in each i-adjective then replace it to either かった (katta) as the past affirmative or くなかった(kunakatta) as the past negative. Present Affirmative Past Affirmative おいしいです おいしかったです oishii desu oishikatta desu Past Negative おいしくなかったです oishiku nakattadesu Thus the answer to the last question on the previous page should be; A2: (すしは)おいしかったです。 sushi wa o i s h i k a t t a d e s u = It was delicious.
  • 5. 1-1: i-adjectives However, there is one exception which is いいです(iidesu) , just as you ve learned its affirmative negative form as よくないです(yokunaidesu) , the past tense for both affirmative and negative forms follow the same pattern; Present Negative よくないです yoku naidesu Present Affirmative いいです iidesu Past Affirmative よかったです yokatta desu Past Negative よくなかったです yoku nakattadesu Please note that いいです(iidesu) has an other form as よいです(yoidesu) as the same term, and よ(yo) out of this other form appears in above three conjugations. Let s take a look at the chart on the textbook page 133 for other i-adjective conjugations with audio files for you to review them.
  • 6. A. Practice conjugating : i-adjectives PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. cold hot fun good bad interesting tasty boring neg. aff. neg. さむいです さむくないです さむかったです さむくなかったです samui desu samuku naidesu samukatta desu samuku nakattadesu あついです あつくないです あつかったです あつくなかったです atsui desu a t s uku naidesu a t s ukatta desu a t s uku nakattadesu たのしいです たのしくないです tanoshii desu tanoshiku naidesu tanoshikatta desu tanoshiku nakattadesu いいです よくないです よかったです よくなかったです ii desu yoku naidesu yokatta desu yoku nakattadesu わるいです わるくないです わるかったです わるくなかったです warui desu w a r uku naidesu w a r ukatta desu w a r uku nakattadesu おもしろいです たのしかったです たのしくなかったです omoshiroi desu おもしろくないです おもしろかったです おもしろくなかったで omoshiroku naidesu omoshirokatta desu omoshiroku nakattadesu す おいしいです おいしくないです おいしかったです おいしくなかったです oishii desu つまらないです tsumaranai desu o i s h i ku naidesu o i s h i katta desu o i s h i ku nakattadesu つまらなくないです つまらなかったです つまらなくなかったで tsumaranaku naidesu tsumaranakatta desu tsumaranaku nakattadesu す
  • 7. 1. Conjugating Adjectives to Past Tense 1-2: na-adjectives Please answer the question below; s e n s h u u p a a t i i n i i k i mashi t a k a Q1: せんしゅう パーティーに いきましたか。 Did you go to the party last week? Say if you went to the party last week, your answer would be; h a i i k i mashi t a A1: はい、いきました。 Yes, I did.
  • 8. 1. Conjugating Adjectives to Past Tense 1-2: na-adjectives Then you are asked another question as; Q2 : p a a t i i wa d o u deshi t a k a (パーティーは) どう でしたか。 How was the party? The question asks How was the party? with the question word どう(dou) . Say if you think the party was lively and you d like to answer as It was lively. ; A2 : p a a t i i wa n i g i y a k adesu (パーティーは)にぎやかです。 It is lively. Again, you ve noticed what is wrong with the answer in Japanese above. You definitely have to change にぎやかです (nigiyaka desu) to the past tense. Now it will become にぎやかでした (nigiyaka deshita) . As you see the naadjectives have mush simpler conjugations than i-adjectives. Let s take a look how we conjugate na-adjectives to the past tense.
  • 9. 1-2: na-adjectives na-adjectives in the past tense relatively follow the pattern to the present negative form as well ; Present Affirmative Present Negative にぎやかです にぎやかではありません nigiyaka desu nigiyaka dewa arimasen You just replace です(desu) to either でした(deshita) as the past affirmative or ではありませんでした(dewa arimasen deshita) as the past negative. Present Affirmative Past Affirmative にぎやかです にぎやかでした nigiyaka desu nigiyaka desita Past Negative にぎやかではありませんでした nigiyaka dewa arimasen deshita Thus the answer to the last question on the previous page should be; A2: (パーティーは)にぎやかでした。 paatii wa nigiyakadeshita = It was lively.
  • 10. 1-2: na-adjectives In many cases, learners attach な(na) when they conjugate na-adjectives as the previous page. Please note that it is incorrect and な(na) is only added when na-adjectives modify nouns ; Present Affirmative にぎやかです It s lively. nigiyaka desu Modifying Noun にぎやかな パーティーです It s a lively party. nigiyaka na paatii desu Present Negative にぎやかなではありません nigiyaka na dewa arimasen Past Affirmative These are all incorrect ! にぎやかなでした nigiyaka na desita Past Negative にぎやかなではありませんでした nigiyaka na dewa arimasen deshita Let s take a look at the chart on the textbook page 133 for other na-adjective conjugations with audio files for you to review them.
  • 11. A. Practice conjugating : na-adjectives PRESENT FORM PAST FORM aff. pretty quiet lively neg. aff. neg. きれいです きれいではありません きれいでした きれいではありませんでした kirei desu kiei dewa arimasenn kirei deshita kirei dewa arimasen deshita しずかです しずかではありません しずかでした しずかではありませんでした shizuka desu shizuka dewa arimasenn shizuka deshita shizuka dewa arimasen deshita にぎやかでした にぎやかではありませんでした nigiyaka deshita nigiyaka dewa arimasen deshita にぎやかです にぎやかではありません nigiyaka desu nigiyaka dewa arimasenn You can practice various conjugations with Drills provided separately.
  • 12. Extent in Japanese 100 % とても Very, Extremely まあまあ kind of, so so あまり not very, not much totemo maamaa amari 0% ぜんぜん not at all zenzen あまり(amari) and ぜんぜん(zenzen) anticipate the negative at the end of the sentence. ex. この えいがは とても おもしろいです。 This movie is very interesting. kono eiga wa totemo omoshiroi desu この えいがは まあまあ おもしろいです。 This movie is kind of interesting. kono eiga wa maamaa omoshiroi desu この えいがは あまり おもしろくないです。 This movie is not very interesting. kono eiga wa amari omoshiroku naidesu この えいがは ぜんぜん おもしろくないです。 This movie is not interesting at all. kono eiga wa zenzen omoshiroku naidesu