This document discusses opportunities and barriers for payments for ecosystem services (PES) in upland areas in the UK. It identifies several ecosystem services provided by uplands, including climate regulation through carbon storage in peat soils, regulation of water quality, regulation of flood risk, regulation of wildfire risk, and cultural ecosystem services. It analyzes the potential for PES schemes focused on carbon sequestration, water quality regulation, and cultural services. However, it notes there are barriers to accessing carbon markets and a lack of markets for wildfire regulation. Bundling co-benefits may increase the value of PES schemes centered around carbon and water quality.