1. NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCES

2. What is the near death
experience?
• It occurs when a person enters “clinical
death” and usually has a profound personal
experience which can include:
• A sensation of leaving the body
• Following a bright light
• Encounter with a higher being (God, Buddha,
Aliens, etc.)
• What is “clinical death” then?
• Clinical death: no cardiac output, no
respiration, fixed dilated pupils

3. TYPES OF NEAR-DEATH
EXPERIENCES
• INEFFABILITY
• HEARING THE NEWS OF THEIR DEATH
• FEELING PEACE AND QUITE
• THE DARK TUNNEL
• OUT OF BODY EXPERIENCES
• THE BEING OF LIGHT
• THE LIFE REVIEW
• THE BORDER OR LIMIT
• EFFECT ON LIVES
• CORROBORATION

4. NDE TRAITS
BY RAYMOND MOODY IN
“LIFE AFTER DEATH”
• TIME AND SPACE
• PAINLESSNESS AND PEACE
• OUT OF BODY EXPERIENCES
• RISING INTO HEAVENS
• RELUCTANCE TO RETURN
• MEETING OF THE SUPREME BEING

5. RESEARCH
• Research by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, George
Ritchie, and Raymond Moody Jr. Moody's book
"Life after Life", released in 1975, brought a lot
of attention to the topic of NDEs
• This was soon followed by the establishment of
the International Association for Near-death
Studies, IANDS, in 1981.

6. PREVALENCE OF NDEs
• According to the Gallup and Proctor survey in 1980-1981, of a
representative sample of the American population, data showed that 15%
had an NDE.
• Knoblauch in 2001 performed a more selective study in Germany and found
that 4% of the sample population had experienced an NDE
• Perera et al., in 2005, conducted a telephone survey of a representative
sample of the Australian population, as part of the Roy Morgan Catibus
Survey, and concluded that 8.9% of the population had experienced an
NDE.
• van Lommel et al. (2001), a cardiologist from Netherlands, studied a group
of patients who had suffered cardiac arrests and who were successfully
revived. They found that 62 patients (18%) had an NDE, of whom 41 (12%)
described a core experience.

7. BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND
THEORIES
• Dr. Karl Jansen, a New Zealand-born psychiatrist, claims to have
reproduced the effects of NDEs through the use of ketamine, thus
giving potential evidence of a biological cause of the experience
• In the 1990s, Dr. Rick Strassman conducted research on the
psychedelic drug Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) at the University of New
Mexico. Strassman advanced the theory that a massive release of
DMT from the pineal gland prior to death or near-death was the
cause of the near-death experience phenomenon
• According to Engmann, near-death experiences of people who are
clinically dead are psychopathological symptoms caused by a
severe malfunction of the brain resulting from the cessation of
cerebral blood circulation.

8. EFFECTS
• Changes in personality and outlook on life
• A greater appreciation for life.
• Higher self-esteem, greater compassion for others.
• A heightened sense of purpose and self-understanding.
• Desire to learn.
• Elevated spirituality.
• Greater ecological sensitivity and planetary concern.
• A feeling of being more intuitive.
• Changes may also include increased physical sensitivity;
diminished tolerance to light, alcohol, and drugs; a
feeling that the brain has been "altered" to encompass
more; and a feeling that one is now using the "whole
brain" rather than just a small part

9. RELIGIOUS BELIVES

10. “This body, that you are in has been
alive forever. It comes from an
unending stream of life, going back
to the big bang and beyond.”
-MELLEN THOMAS BENEDICT