1. Music and
Arts of India

2. Music of India
• Includes multiple varieties of
folk, popular, pop, classical music and R&B.
India's classical music tradition, including
Carnatic and Hindustani music, has a history
spanning millennia and developed over
several eras. It remains fundamental to the
lives of Indians today as sources of spiritual
inspiration, cultural expression and pure
entertainment.

3. Classical Music
• Hindustani Music
> an Indian classical music tradition that goes
back to Vedic times around 1000 BC. It further
developed circa the 13th and 14th centuries AD
with Persian influences and from existing
religious and folk music.

4. • Hindustani music was not only influenced by
ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic
philosophy and native Indian sounds but also
enriched by the Persian performance practices of
the Mughals. During the Medivel age especially in
Mughals era various Gharana became famous
due to excellence and class in type of musics like
raga. Tansen is one of the navratna of Mughals
Admiral Akbar. Classical genres are
dhrupad, dhamar, khyal, tarana y sadra.

5. Carnatic music
• The present form of Carnatic music is based
on historical developments that can be traced
to the 15th - 16th centuries AD and thereafter.
However, the form itself is reputed to have
been one of the gifts bestowed on man by the
gods of Hindu mythology. It is one of the
oldest musical forms that continue to survive
today.

6. • Carnatic music is melodic, with improvised
variations. It consists of a composition with
improvised embellishments added to the piece in
the forms of Raga
Alapana, Kalpanaswaram, Neraval, and, in the
case of more advanced students, Ragam Tanam
Pallavi. The main emphasis is on the vocals as
most compositions are written to be sung, and
even when played on instruments, they are
meant to be performed in a singing style (known
as gāyaki). There are about 7.2 million ragas (or
scales) in Carnatic Music, with only 300 or so still
in common use today.

7. • Purandara Dasa is considered the father of
carnatic music. Sri Tyagaraja, Sri Shyama
Shastry and Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar are
considered the trinity of carnatic music and
with them came the golden age in carnatic
music in the 18th-19th century

8. Folk Music
• Bihu of Assam
• Bihu is the festival of New Year of Assam
falling on mid April. This is a festival of nature
and mother earth where the first day is for the
cows and buffalos. Second day is for the man.
Bihu dancesand songs accompanied by
traditional drums and wind instruments are
essential part of this festival.

9. Bhangra
• [Bhangra] are a lively form of music and dance that
originated in the Punjab region to celebrate
Vaisakhi, the festival of the Sikhs.Knowledge of
Punjabi history offers important insights into the
meaning of the music. While Bhangra began as a part
of harvest festival celebrations, it eventually became
a part of such diverse occasions as weddings and
New Year celebrations. Moreover, during the last
thirty years, Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in
popularity worldwide, both in traditional form and as
a fusion with genres such as hip-hop, house, and
reggae, and in such forms it has become a pop
sensation in the United Kingdom and North America.

10. • Ganasangeet is have been written in India.
Examples: Apni Azadi Ko Hum Hargis Mita
Sakte Nahin, ajadee hoyni tor, Kadam kadam
badhaye jaa, Vande Mataram, etc.generally
sung in chorus carrying some social message.
The songs are usually about
Freedom, community strength, patriotism.
Due to the British occupation in India, a lot of
protest songs about anti-imperialism/pro-
socialism

11. Uttarakhandi Music
• Uttarakhandi folk music had its root in the lap of
nature. The pure and blessed music have the feel and
the touch of nature and subjects related to nature. The
folk music primarily is related to the various
festivals, religious traditions, folk stories and simple life
of the people of Uttarakhand. Thus the songs of
Uttarakhand are a true reflection of the Cultural
Heritage and the way people live their lives in the
Himalayas. Musical instruments used in Uttarakhand
music include the
dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhan
kora and masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also
used, but to a lesser extent. The main languages are
Kumaoni and Garhwali

12. • Thus the songs of Uttarakhand are a true
reflection of the Cultural Heritage and the way
people live their lives in the Himalayas.
Musical instruments used in Uttarakhand
music include the
dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, t
hali, bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla and
harmonium are also used, but to a lesser
extent. The main languages are Kumaoni and
Garhwali

13. Lavani
• Lavani comes from the word Lavanya which means
beauty. This is one of the most popular forms of dance
and music that is practiced all over Maharashtra. It has
in fact become a necessary part of the Maharashtrian
folk dance performances. Traditionally, the songs are
sung by female artistes, but male artistes may
occasionally sing Lavanis. The dance format associated
with Lavani is known as Tamasha. Lavani is a
combination of traditional song and dance, which
particularly performed to the enchanting beats of
'Dholak', a drum-like instrument.

14. • Dance performed by attractive women
wearing nine-yard saris. They are sung in a
quick tempo. The verve, the enthusiasm, the
rhythm and above all the very beat of India
finds an expressive declaration amidst the folk
music of India, which has
somewhat, redefined the term "bliss". Lavani
originated in the arid region of Maharashtra
and Madhya Pradesh.

15. Rajasthan
• Rajasthan has a very diverse cultural collection
of musician castes, including
Langas, Sapera, Bhopa, Jogi and Manganiyar
(lit. the ones who ask/beg). Rajasthan Diary
quotes it as a soulful, full-throated music with
Harmonious diversity. The haunting melody of
Rajasthan evokes from a variety of delightfully
primitive looking instruments.

16. • The stringed variety include the
Sarangi, Rawanhattha, Kamayacha, Morsing
and Ektara. Percussion instruments come in all
shapes and sizes from the huge Nagaras and
Dhols to the tiny Damrus. The Daf and Chang
are a big favourite of Holi (the festival of
colours) revellers. Flutes and bagpipers come
in local flavours such as
Shehnai, Poongi, Algoza, Tarpi, Been and
Bankia.

17. • The essence of Rajasthani music is derived
from the creative symphony of string
instruments, percussion instruments and wind
instruments accompanied by melodious
renditions of folk singers. It enjoys a
respectable presence in Bollywood music as
well.

18. • The vast scope of the art of India intertwines
with the cultural history, religions and
philosophies which place art production and
patronage in social and cultural contexts.

19. • Indian art can be classified into specific
periods each reflecting particular
religious, political and cultural developments.
• Ancient period (3500 BCE-1200 CE)
• Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)
• Colonial period (1757–1947)
• Independence and the postcolonial period
(Post-1947)

20. • One of the first to start jewellery-making were
the peoples of the Indus Valley Civilization.
Early jewellery making in China started around
the same period, but it became widespread
with the spread of Buddhism around 2,000
years ago.

21. Temple and Sculpture-art

22. • the period between the decline of the Harappans
and the definite historic period starting with the
Mauryas. Soon after the Buddhists initiated the
rock-cut caves, Hindus and Jains started to
imitate them at
Badami, Aihole, Ellora, Salsette, Elephanta, Auran
gabad and Mamallapuram. The earliest Indian
religion to inspire major artistic monuments was
Buddhism. Though there may have been earlier
structures in wood that have been transformed
into stone structures, there are no physical
evidences for these except textual references.

24. • The Chola period is also remarkable for its
sculptures and bronzes. Among the existing
specimens in the various museums of the
world and in the temples of South India may
be seen many fine figures of Siva in various
forms, Vishnu and his consort Lakshmi, Siva
saints and many more.

25. Indian fresco
• The tradition and methods of Indian cliff
painting gradually evolved throughout many
thousands of years - there are multiple
locations found with prehistoric art. The
oldest frescoes of historical period have been
preserved in Ajanta Caves from 2nd century
BC.

26. • Despite climatic conditions that tend to work
against the survival of older paintings, in total
there are known more than 20 locations in
India with paintings and traces of former
paintings of ancient and early medieval times
(up to 8th - 10th century AD). The most
significant frescoes of the ancient and early
medieval period are Buddhist works in the
Ajanta Caves, Bagh Caves, Ellora
Caves, Sittanavasal.

27. Miniature painting
• Mughal painting in miniatures on paper
developed very quickly in the late 16th
century from the combined influence of the
existing miniature tradition and artists trained
in the Persian miniature tradition imported by
the Mughal Emperor's court.

28. • New ingredients in the style were much
greater realism, especially in portraits, and an
interest in animals, plants and other aspects
of the physical world. Miniatures either
illustrated books or were single works for
muraqqas or albums of painting and Islamic
calligraphy

29. • . The style gradually spread in the next two
centuries to influence painting on paper in
both Muslim and Hindu princely
courts, developing into a number of regional
styles often called "sub-Mughal", including
Kangra painting and Rajput painting, and
finally Company painting, a hybrid
watercolour style influenced by European art
and largely patronized by the people of the
British raj.

30. Folk and tribal art
• Folk art in India takes on different
manifestations through varied medium such
as pottery, painting, metalwork,dhokra
art, paper-art, weaving and designing of
objects such as jewelry and and tribal
toys.
• Often puranic gods and legends are
transformed into contemporary forms and
familiar images. Fairs, festivals, and
local deities play a vital role in these
arts.

31. • It is in art where life and
creativity are inseparable. The
tribal arts have a unique
sensitivity, as the tribal people
possess an intense awareness very
different from the settled and
urbanized people. Their minds are
supple and intense with
myth, legends, snippets from
epic, multitudinous gods born out of
dream and fantasy. Their art is an
expression of their life and holds
their passion and mystery.

32. • Folk art also includes the visual
expressions of the wandering nomads.
This is the art of people who are
exposed to changing landscapes as
they travel over the valleys and
highlands of India. They carry with
them the experiences and memories of
different spaces and their art
consists of the transient and
dynamic pattern of life. The
rural, tribal and arts of the nomads
constitute the matrix of folk
expression.

34. Indian Art
• Indian Art is the visual art produced on the
Indian subcontinent from about the 3rd
millennium BC to modern times. To viewers
schooled in the Western tradition, Indian art
may seem overly ornate and sensuous;
appreciation of its refinement comes only
gradually, as a rule.

35. • Voluptuous feeling is given unusually free
expression in Indian culture. A strong sense of
design is also characteristic of Indian art and
can be observed in its modern as well as in its
traditional forms.