Use this to prepare and study Lesson 5.

1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 Peasants, Trade, and Cities Section 2 Christianity and Medieval Civilization Section 3 The Culture of the High Middle Ages Section 4 The Late Middle Ages Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

7. End of Intro

11. Section 1-4 Preview of Events Peasants, Trade, and Cities

12. Section 1-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

13. Section 1-6 A serf required the permission of his lord to change his occupation or dispose of his property. A serf could become a freedman only through formal emancipation or escape.

18. Section 1-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why does crop rotation enrich a field’s soil? Using different crops and letting fields lie fallow allow the soil’s nutrients to be replenished or not be used up so fast. The New Agriculture (cont.) (pages 315–317)

24. Section 1-17 Compare the feudal manor to the plantation of the antebellum South in the United States. The Manorial System (cont.) (pages 317–318)

34. Section 1-27 What do you think is the most fundamental difference between life for the medieval peasant and life for the small farmer in the United States? What is the same? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Two possible differences concern the lack of privacy in the medieval peasant cottage and the lack of meat in the medieval diet. A possible similarity is how in both cases people are beholden to the seasons. Daily Life of the Peasantry (cont.) (pages 318–319)

39. Section 1-32 What are the advantages of a money economy over a barter economy? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The chief advantage is that to barter, one must find a person who has what you want and wants what you have, which is quite economically inefficient. The Revival of Trade (cont.) (pages 319–320)

45. Section 1-38 Why do you think elections were rigged to elect the patricians? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The elections were rigged so that the interests of the wealthy and powerful were protected. The Growth of Cities (cont.) (pages 320–321)

51. Section 1-44 What would bother you most about living in a medieval town or city? Daily Life in the Medieval City (cont.) (pages 321–322)

56. Section 1-49 What contemporary institution resembles the medieval guild in some ways? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The contemporary union bears a resemblance to the medieval guild. Unions look out for the interests of workers, and many unions have apprenticeship programs. Industry and Guilds (cont.) (page 322)

57. Section 1-50 __ 1. economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits __ 2. in medieval Europe, an agricultural estate run by a lord and worked by peasants __ 3. an economic system based on money rather than barter __ 4. a business association associated with a particular trade or craft, which evolved in the twelfth century and came to play a leading role in the economic life of medieval cities A. manor B. serf C. money economy D. commercial capitalism E. guild Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. D A Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. C E

58. Section 1-51 __ 5. in medieval Europe, a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord’s control A. manor B. serf C. money economy D. commercial capitalism E. guild Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

59. Section 1-52 Explain the process of becoming a master in a guild. What do you think motivated people to participate in and endure this demanding process? Checking for Understanding The process of becoming a master in a guild includes starting as an apprentice to a master, then becoming a journeyman, then a master. People did this for financial security. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

60. Section 1-53 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the economic developments of the Middle Ages that allowed for the emergence of commercial capitalism. A money economy, new trading companies, and banking firms allowed for the emergence of commercial capitalism.

61. Section 1-54 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain Why were the three-field system and heavy iron plows so important to increased food production? They were important because one-third, rather than one-half, of the land lay fallow, and they allowed more land to be cultivated.

62. Section 1-55 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examine the illustration of peasants working in a field shown on page 319 and the chart shown on page 318 of your textbook. Use the illustration and chart to help you describe the major characteristics of the economic system of manorialism. Manorialism depended on agriculture. The serf’s livestock provided food and clothing for the manor. Excess could be traded or sold.

63. Section 1-56 Close Summarize how the focus of medieval life gradually shifted from the feudal manor to the towns.

64. End of Section 1

68. Section 2-4 Preview of Events Christianity and Medieval Civilization

69. Section 2-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

70. Section 2-6 The term heresy comes from the Greek word hairesis, which simply signified holding a particular set of philosophical opinions. The term heresy took on a negative meaning in Christianity. According to the Catholic Church, a person is guilty of a material but not formal heresy if he or she does not know that he or she is denying a doctrine of the Church.

80. Section 2-16 On what basis might Gregory VII and other popes have believed they had authority over secular monarchs? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Their argument was that they were the representative of God’s power and authority, and God’s power and authority outweighed human power and authority. The Papal Monarchy (cont.) (pages 323–325)

91. Section 2-26 Why did most nuns in the High Middle Ages come from the aristocracy? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Convents were convenient for families who were unable or unwilling to find husbands for their daughters, for aristocratic women who did not wish to marry and had the option not to, or for widows. New Religious Orders (cont.) (pages 325–327)

97. Section 2-32 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Medieval Christians believed that relics produced miracles, especially of healing. What is a miracle in the religious sense? In the religious sense a miracle is an event that occurs but does not adhere to the laws of the realm of nature. The event’s cause must be divine grace, it is believed. Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages (cont.) (pages 327–328)

98. Section 2-33 __ 1. the denial of basic church doctrines __ 2. the practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office __ 3. Christian rites __ 4. a court established by the Catholic Church in 1232 to discover and try heretics; also called the Holy Office __ 5. a decree by the pope that forbade priests to give the sacraments of the church to the people A. lay investiture B. interdict C. sacraments D. heresy E. Inquisition Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. D A C E B Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

99. Section 2-34 Explain the use of the interdict. Checking for Understanding The Interdict deprived people of sacraments and pressured rulers to submit to the pope. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

100. Section 2-35 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the new religious orders created during the Middle Ages. Cistercian, Franciscan, and Dominican were the new religious orders created during the Middle Ages.

101. Section 2-36 Critical Thinking Explain Why was the Catholic Church such a powerful influence in lay people’s lives during the Middle Ages? The Church and sacraments were essential to salvation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

102. Section 2-37 Identify the figures pictured in the cathedral window shown on page 328 of your textbook. What central ideas of the Roman Catholic Church does the window from Chartes illustrate? Analyzing Visuals The window illustrates the mediating role of the Virgin Mary and saints. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

103. Section 2-38 Close Discuss the dominant role of the Church in the lives of medieval people. How dominant are the major religions today in people’s lives?

104. End of Section 2

108. Section 3-4 Preview of Events The Culture of the High Middle Ages

109. Section 3-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

110. Section 3-6 The magnificent Gothic cathedral at Reims was the site of the coronation of French kings. The first Frankish king, Clovis, was crowned by Saint Rémy, archbishop of Reims, in the town where the cathedral was later built. From the ninth century it was claimed that a dove had descended from the heavens with sacred oil for anointing Clovis. Miraculously, the oil never dried up, and later kings supposedly were anointed with it.

116. Section 3-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. In 1500, there were 80 universities in all of Europe. Thousands of universities now exist in the United States. What accounts for the difference? Possible answers: A larger population, democratization, and the need to train a large workforce account for the thousands of universities in the United States today. The Rise of Universities (cont.) (pages 329–330)

121. Section 3-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the main goal of scholasticism? The main goal was to harmonize Christian teachings with the works of the Greek philosophers and to show that what was accepted through faith was in harmony with what could be learned through reason and experience. The Development of Scholasticism (cont.) (pages 330–331)

130. Section 3-26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Troubadour poetry was the dominant form of love poetry for its time. Where do we principally get something like love poetry in modern culture? Today’s popular music is similar to love poetry. Vernacular Literature and Architecture (cont.) (pages 331–333)

131. Section 3-27 __ 1. a medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason __ 2. the study of religion and God __ 3. the language of everyday speech in a particular region A. theology B. scholasticism C. vernacular Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B A C Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

132. Section 3-28 Explain the origin of universities in Europe. Checking for Understanding Universities were created as educational guilds to produce educated, trained men. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

133. Section 3-29 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe the possibilities open to a student who had completed the liberal arts curriculum at a medieval university in Europe. Students could go on to study law, medicine, or theology.

134. Section 3-30 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain How did the architecture of the Gothic cathedral reflect medieval religious values? Pointed arches and ribbed vaults focused upward toward God. Sunlight through stained glass symbolized God’s light.

135. Section 3-31 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examine the image on page 331 of your textbook. What does it convey about the role of the troubadour in European society during the Middle Ages? Troubadours performed for wealthy, private audiences.

136. Section 3-32 Close Discuss how Christian Europeans of the Middle Ages demonstrated their faith and spirituality through their architecture.

137. End of Section 3

141. Section 4-4 Preview of Events The Late Middle Ages

142. Section 4-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

143. Section 4-6 Some of William Shakespeare’s plays– The Life of King Henry the Fifth, for example–concern people and places of the Hundred Years’ War.

150. Section 4-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Black Death caused some people to persecute Jews. Some say that AIDS is a similar epidemic of our time. Has it caused persecution or something comparable? Possible answer: AIDS has not caused widespread persecution like that of the Jews during the Middle Ages, but it has caused widespread discrimination. The Black Death (cont.) (pages 335–336)

158. Section 4-21 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How could the French king have engineered the papal election? Possible answer: The king engineered the election through intimidation and through promising rewards like power and position. The Decline of Church Power (cont.) (page 337)

164. Section 4-27 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What weapons significantly changed warfare in the twentieth century, as the longbow once did? Possible answers: The airplane, because of bombing, and the automatic weapon, because of how many rounds it can shoot in a row, significantly changed warfare in the twentieth century. The Hundred Years’ War (cont.) (pages 337–339)

175. Section 4-38 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Which religions were so much at odds with each other in eastern Europe that a strong monarchy did not develop in the area? The three principal religions were Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Islam. Political Recovery (cont.) (pages 339–340)

176. Section 4-39 __ 1. hostility toward or discrimination against Jews __ 2. an annual direct tax, usually on land or property, that provided a regular source of income for the French monarchy __ 3. in the fifteenth century, government in which power had been centralized under a king __ 4. a form of bubonic plague, spread by fleas carried by rats A. Black Death B. anti-Semitism C. Great Schism D. new monarchy E. taille Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B E D A Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

177. Section 4-40 __ 5. a split in the Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1418, during which time there were rival popes in Rome and in the French city of Avignon; France and its allies supported the pope in Avignon, while France’s enemy England and its allies supported the pope in Rome A. Black Death B. anti-Semitism C. Great Schism D. new monarchies E. taille Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. C Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

178. Section 4-41 Describe the origins of the Hundred Years’ War. Checking for Understanding Philip VI of France seized Gascony. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

179. Section 4-42 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the religious groups in conflict in eastern Europe. Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, and Muslims were in conflict in eastern Europe.

180. Section 4-43 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyze What were the economic and social results of the Black Death in Europe? Economic results of the black death were loss of labor, a decline in trade, falling prices, and a decline of rent income. Social results included anti-Semitism and the decline of serfdom.

181. Section 4-44 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Identify the two armies pictured in the illustration on page 338 of your textbook. How can you tell the two armies apart? What details did the artist include to describe the outcome or significance of the battle? The French army is on the left with crossbows, and the English army is on the right with longbows. The artist included images of fallen warriors, and weapons.

182. Section 4-45 Close Discuss some of the consequences of the Black Death, especially the destruction of the stable social order and the end of the feudal state.

183. End of Section 4

184. Chapter Summary 1 Chapter Summary The Middle Ages was a period marked by cultural diffusion, innovation, and conflict.

185. End of Chapter Summary

186. Chapter Assessment 1 1. Governments that attempted to reestablish centralized power were called _______________. 2. Craftspeople began to organize themselves into business organizations called _______________ in the twelfth century. 3. A _______________ was an object that provided a link between the earthly world and God. 4. The religious court whose job it was to find and try heretics was called the _______________. 5. The language of a particular region is called the _______________. Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. Using Key Terms Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. new monarchies guilds relic Inquisition vernacular

187. Chapter Assessment 2 History How did the Great Schism divide Europe? Reviewing Key Facts France and its allies supported the pope in Avignon, while England and its allies supported the pope in Rome. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

188. Chapter Assessment 3 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Culture What was the role of women in medieval cities? Women supervised the household, raised the children, managed the family’s finances, and helped or took over their husbands’ trade.

189. Chapter Assessment 4 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Science and Technology Why was the longbow superior to the crossbow? The longbow had greater power, range, and speed.

190. Chapter Assessment 5 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government What steps helped Spain to become a strong centralized monarchy? The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile was a step toward the reunification of Spain. They worked to strengthen royal control of the government and pursued a policy of conformity to Catholicism.

191. Chapter Assessment 6 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Geography What impact did geographic factors have on the population of the High Middle Ages? Climate change led to increased food supply and population growth. Farmland expanded as trees were cut and swamps were drained.

192. Chapter Assessment 7 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing What forces led to Europe’s economic growth during the Middle Ages? The development of a money economy, improved agriculture methods, and increased trade led to Europe’s economic growth.

193. Chapter Assessment 8 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluating How did the continual conflict between England and France strengthen the monarchies of those two countries? In France, animosity toward a common enemy reestablished royal power. In England, civil conflict led to a strong Tudor dynasty.

194. Chapter Assessment 9 Analyzing Maps and Charts Study the chart below and answer the questions on the following slides.

195. Chapter Assessment 10 Select an event or invention from each category on the chart. What was the effect of that event or invention? Items in the first category led to population increase. Items in the second category led to growth of cities. Items in the third category led to the decline of the feudal system. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Maps and Charts

196. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Maps and Charts How did farming practices affect population? As a result of farming practices, there was a greater food supply, so population grew.

197. Chapter Assessment 13 What effect did the Black Death have on Europe? F The plague resulted in an increase in the number of universities and the rise of scholasticism. G The plague led to an acute labor shortage that resulted in higher wages and the emancipation of many serfs. H The plague inspired new ideas about faith that led to the formation of the Cistercian, Franciscan, and Dominican orders. J The plague sparked the Hundred Years’ War between France and England. Test-Taking Tip Although these questions mostly ask you about what you’ve learned in class, using common sense can help you arrive at the correct answers too. For example, to answer this question, think about what you know about the Black Death and then read the answer choices. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. Standardized Test Practice

198. End of Chapter Assessment

199. World History Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://wh.glencoe.com

200. CC 1 Economics Discuss the economics of the Champagne fairs. Who do you think benefited most from the fairs: the merchants, the buyers, or the towns and their residents who organized the fairs?

201. CC 3 Literature Bring a favorite poem to class and compare its tone and theme with the troubadour poem written by Jaufré Rudel on page 331 of your textbook.

202. CC 4 Art One of the best sources of information on the Hundred Years’ War is the chronicle written by Jean Froissart of Valenciennes, from which this fourteenth-century illustration is taken. Notice that the picture on page 338 of your textbook shows English soldiers wielding their longbows against French crossbows. Notice also the chaotic violence of this scene.

203. WWWW 3 Universities Although modern universities had their origins in medieval Europe, Arabs founded universities nearly 200 years earlier. The Fatimids founded Cairo’s al-Azhar University in 970. It remains the world’s chief center of Islamic and Arabic learning.

204. WWWW 4 The longbow was as tall as the man who carried it. He would draw it by stooping over the bow parallel to the ground and then straighten up, using his leg and back muscles. The arrow was drawn to the ear. Bowmen could drive a thirty-inch shaft tipped with a dagger through three inches of oak. In battle, the arrow storm was reported to darken the sky.

205. WWWW 1 contents Book of Hours Trade Fairs Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

206. WWWW 1a Book of Hours One of the most famous works of the Middle Ages, the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry), is a book of hours, or devotional prayer book. It includes a beautiful painting for each of the twelve months of the year.

207. WWWW 1b Trade Fairs Fairs served as centers of trade in medieval Europe, attracting merchants from all over the continent. There were four major fair seasons per year: one in the winter, one at Easter, one in midsummer, and one in October.

208. WWWW 2 contents Hildegard of Bingen Giotto Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

209. WWWW 2a Hildegard of Bingen For women like Hildegard of Bingen, entering a convent was the only means of acquiring an education and pursuing a life as a writer. Hildegard composed musical plays and wrote treatises on natural history and medicine. Her influence extended to advising bishops, popes, and kings. Compare Hildegard’s story with that of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, who joined a convent in Mexico when she was refused university admission in the seventeenth century.

210. WWWW 2b Giotto Florentine painter Giotto (c.1266–c.1337) painted a series of frescoes based on the life of Saint Francis of Assisi. The frescos are in the cathedral at Assisi, Italy. In September 1997, a severe earthquake damaged the cathedral and some of the frescoes. The one on page 326 of your textbook is called “Preaching to the Birds.”

211. TP 4 Not until the early 1900s were rats carrying bacteria-infected fleas identified as the carriers of bubonic plague. Today, knowledge of disease prevention and the development of vaccines have largely isolated plague outbreaks and reduced their devastating impact on societies.

212. Skill Builder 1 What changes have you noticed in your town the past few years? Has the corner bank been replaced by an ethnic restaurant? Would a map of your town that was drawn today look different from one drawn 15 years ago?  Analyzing Historical Maps Why Learn This Skill? Changes take place on a larger scale across nations and continents. Wars, economic troubles, and natural disasters change borders and landscapes; once-powerful nations crumble; displaced people move from one country to another, taking their language and their culture with them. These political, social, and cultural changes can be clearly traced and interpreted through the use of historical maps. This feature can be found on page 334 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

215. Skill Builder 4 Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 334 of your textbook. Analyze the map on the right and answer the questions on the following slides. Analyzing Historical Maps

216. Skill Builder 5 What geographic region and time period are represented in the map? Practicing the Skill France in the 1400s is represented in this map. Analyzing Historical Maps This feature can be found on page 334 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

217. Skill Builder 6 What information is shown in the map’s key and labels? Practicing the Skill Battles, Burgundian lands, French lands, and English possessions are shown in the map’s key and labels. Analyzing Historical Maps This feature can be found on page 334 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

218. Skill Builder 7 Find a present-day map of this region to compare with the map on page 334 of your textbook. How has the region changed since the 1400s? Practicing the Skill Possible answer: Borders and countries have changed. Analyzing Historical Maps This feature can be found on page 334 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

219. A Story That Matters 1 Read Life in London on page 314 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 314 of your textbook. This medieval manuscript page shows a London scene Somersaulting was done for entertainment and leisure in medieval London

220. A Story That Matters 2 What qualities make London such a “happy” place to William Fitz-Stephen? Healthy fresh air, Christianity, strong defenses, its site on the river, and the activities and honor of its citizens make London such a happy place. This feature can be found on page 314 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

221. A Story That Matters 3 Why do you think Fitz-Stephen fails to mention London’s foul air, overcrowding, epidemics, and fires? This feature can be found on page 314 of your textbook.

222. Eyewitness 1 Click the image on the right to listen to an excerpt from page 341 of your textbook. Read the information on page 341 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 341 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

223. Eyewitness 2 Who was blamed for causing the Black Death? Were these charges economically motivated? Why or why not? The Jews became the scapegoats in many areas, blamed for causing the Black Death. Yes, the charges were economically motivated. If the feudal lords had not been in debt to them, the Jews would have been spared. This feature can be found on page 341 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

224. Eyewitness 3 Can you provide examples of discrimination today that are similar to what the Jews experienced in medieval times? This feature can be found on page 341 of your textbook.

225. STS 1 Harnessing the Power of Water and Wind Watermills use the power of running water to do work. The watermill was invented as early as the second century B.C. It was not used much in the Roman Empire because the Romans had many slaves and had no need to mechanize. In the High Middle Ages, watermills became easier to build as the use of metals became more common. In 1086, the survey of English land known as the Domesday Book listed about six thousand watermills in England. Read the excerpt on page 316 of your textbook and answer the question on the following slide. This feature can be found on page 316 of your textbook.

226. STS 2 Comparing How are water and wind power used today? Dams harness water for hydroelectric power, and windmills are used to produce electricity. This feature can be found on page 316 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

228. Video 2 Chaucer’s England What social institution was central to life in medieval Europe? The Roman Catholic Church was the focal point of life in this devout period. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

229. Video 3 Chaucer’s England Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What is the overall structure of The Canterbury Tales ? The Canterbury Tales tells about a group of people making a pilgrimage, or a religious journey, to visit a shrine.

230. Maps and Charts 1-1

231. Maps and Charts 1-2

232. Maps and Charts 4-1

233. Maps and Charts 4-2

234. Chapter Transparency

235. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 450 600 to avoid wearing out the soil three-field

236. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. 1. Mayor, Justice of the Peace; 2. local government, private institutions; 3. vocational schools, apprenticeship; 4. printers, publishers

237. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Most were administrators of kings and princes. study 4 to 6 years and pass an oral examination question, sources with opposing opinions, reconciliation, and conclusions

238. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. People would not know whom to believe; how could two or three popes each be an absolute authority? People might not accept either pope. The clergy were corrupt and too fond of worldly power and wealth.

239. End of Custom Shows End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation.

240. End of Slide Show