Koh Jiajin Joel Varella Gino Lee Leo Bing Yeow Ru Meng Lim Ding Qiang Melvin

1. AB 0401 Sustainable Enterprise
Changing our World: do we plant trees or create online courses?
Koh Jiajin Joel
Varella Gino Lee
Leo Bing Yeow
Ru Meng
Lim Ding Qiang Melvin

2. Agenda
Estimated Carbon Footprint
Stakeholder Analysis
Alternative 1: Virtual Sustainable Campus
Alternative 2: Carbon Credit
Alternative 3: Campus wide Master Planning
Conclusion
Executive Summary

3. Estimated Carbon Footprint
Scope
1
Source
Co2 Emissions (kg CO2)
2,155.40
Electricity
25,484,680
Heat/Air-conditioning
18,723,120
Faculty commuting
2,697,869
Student commuting
6,343,091
Travel
488,024
Paper consumption
145,004
Waste
3
-
Transport within campus
2
Campus-generated electricity
175,101
Total
54,059,044.65
Students
33,500
Employees
4,257
Total per student (kg)
1,400.00
Total per employee (kg)
1,800.00

4. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reduce administration cost
Reduce carbon footprint
Nurture/provide best education to students
Remain profitable
Maintain good reputation
Provide conducive learning and working environment
Be in line with government’s objectives
Good corporate social responsibility
4

5. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nurture students
Be in line with school and government’s objectives
(environmental sustainability and providing education)
Help students obtain good grades
Good working condition
Promotions
Good Pay
5

6. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
•
•
•
Convenience
High standard of education
Low cost of education
Conducive studying environment
6

7. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
•
•
•
The Ministry of Education aims to help our students to
discover their own talents, to make the best of these
talents and realise their full potential, and to develop a
passion for learning that lasts through life.
Sustainability initiatives
Good reputation as a sustainable city
Meet the standards of low carbon emission
7

8. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
•
•
Good corporate social responsibility
Reduce carbon footprint
Ensure sustainability of the environment
8

9. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
Sustainable environment for healthy living
9

10. Situation Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NTU
Staff
Students
Government
Environmentalists
General Public
Provider (Carbon
Credit)
Concerns
•
•
•
Contribute to environmental sustainability
Increase client base
Remain profitable
10

11. Overview of the Alternatives
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Alternative 3
Virtual Sustainable Campus
Carbon Credits
Campus Wide Master Planning

12. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus

13. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
A study by the Open University, “Towards
Sustainable Higher Education: Environmental
Impacts of Campus-Based and Distance Higher
Education Systems”
“The average production and provision of
distance learning courses consumed nearly 90
percent less energy and produced 85 percent
fewer CO2 emissions per student than
conventional campus-based university
courses. “

14. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
High CO2 Emission
Home based E-learning lessons
↓ the need to commute to
campus, print of papers and
electricity
89% ↓ in travel related CO2
emissions from vehicle use etc.
Home based E-learning lessons
Through social media or
other online platforms
↓ CO2 Emissions

15. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
High usage of resources
Screen Display
↓ Printing
↓ Paper Waste
↓ deforestation, save the trees
Screen Display
Courses are entirely self-contained
and can be clearly and dynamically
displayed on a screen
↓ Resource usage

16. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
High energy usage
and consumption
Campus Site Impacts
↓ energy consumption from 81 kg for a full
time to student to 2 kg for a blended online
and print-based course
↑ utilisation of campus facilities to achieve
Economies of scale which will give online
education the edge by spreading campus
impacts
↓Facility Rental/Maintenance
Modelling
Campus Site Impacts
The School of Computer Engineering had applied
computer and information technology to reduce carbon
emissions by replacing carbon-intensive activities with
virtual tools. The Climate Group predicts that by
2020, the internet's footprint will have tripled to 1.43bn
tonnes of carbon emitted per year.
However, information technology - such as smart
logistics, energy-aware buildings and more efficient
energy grids - could reduce emissions by 15% overall.
↓ Energy Usage and
Consumption

17. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
High energy usage
and consumption
Students’ Housing Impacts
↓ energy consumption from 102kg to
4.4 kg
Reduce “double energy consumption”
effect
Campus Site Impacts
Students’ Housing Impacts
↓ Energy Usage and
Consumption

18. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
Netigate energy
saving
Increase computing usage
Electricity is needed for a laptop and/or
desktop PC
I.e. 0.125 kwh per hour, 24 kg of
CO2 per student
↑ Electricity usage to run server farms
PC contains toxic materials such as
lead, cadmium, and PCB’s that pose
serious health and environmental
hazards.
↑ Energy Usage and
Consumption
Increase computing usage
In the short run, it will also be expensive to switch to using
IT tools and setting up the infrastructure needed

19. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
CO2 emission levels associated with the increased
computer usage are significantly less than those
associated with conventional delivery methods
There are strong situational factors such as
monetary support from the government and rapid
advancement in technology that will support
these changes

20. Alternatives 1 Virtual Sustainable Campus
Virtual Sustainable
Campus
Sustainability
Less
favorable
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
More
favorable

21. Alternatives 2 Carbon Credits
• $22 per ton of CO2 emissions
• NTU has 54 000 tons of CO2 emissions a year $1.2million worth
of carbon credit
• NTU needs to invest a huge amount of money to buy carbon
credit and this high costs may be passed on the students
• Questionable quality of environmental impact locally due to
methods of generation of carbon credits (ie credits may be
generated overseas)

22. Alternatives 2 Carbon Credits
Carbon Credits
Sustainability
Less
favorable
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
More
favorable

23. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Green Building
LED Light-bulbs
Education
Solid Waste
Management

24. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Green Building
Sustainability
•
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Highly sustainable environmentally due to the significant
reduction in 63500 metric tons of carbon footprint
Financially viable due to funding and costs savings that
will be yield in the long term
Less
favorable
More
favorable

25. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Green Building
Sustainability
•
•
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Cost premium of more than 2%
Studies have shown over a 20 year life period, some green
buildings have yielded $53 to $71 per square foot back on
investment due to higher rental, sale price and occupancy rate
However, research have shown that cost should not be more if
cost and environmental strategies and program management is
incorporated from the start
Less
favorable
More
favorable

26. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Green Building
Sustainability
•
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
May pose some disruptions to daily operations of the university
may be affected
Funding and incentives offered by the government such as Energy
Efficiency Improvement Assistance Scheme (EASe) that can lower
costs of upgrading
Less
favorable
More
favorable

27. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Green Building
Sustainability
•
•
•
•
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Energy efficiency through designs that can cool the building and reduce
lighting and use of renewable energy.
Reduction in water usage and ensuring water quality(point of use water
treatment). Material efficiency through the use of green materials
Indoor environmental quality: indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal quality, and
lighting quality
Waste Reduction helps to reduce waste matter to landfill
6 to 40 percent reduction in energy consumption with savings of up to 90
gigawatt hours of energy or S$24 million in costs
Less
favorable
More
favorable

28. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
LED Light-bulbs
Sustainability
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
• Average life span of 50 000 hours as compared to 8000 of
fluorescent light bulbs
Less
favorable
More
favorable

29. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
LED Light-bulbs
Sustainability
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Reduces operating cost by 50% per year as compared to
fluorescent light bulbs
Less
favorable
More
favorable

30. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
LED Light-bulbs
Sustainability
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Easier to implement if starts from small scale.
Less
favorable
More
favorable

31. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
LED Light-bulbs
Sustainability
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Saves 20%-30% off electricity costs per unit of light as
compared to fluorescent light bulbs
Less
favorable
More
favorable

32. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Education
Introduce an interdisciplinary sustainability
curriculum at NTU to be taken in a full-course
format each year by all
undergraduates/graduates
12 seminars will be conducted throughout
the semester, which will give the students a
better understanding of the importance of
sustainability
Learn about individual disciplinary resources
and possibilities at NTU.

33. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Education
Sustainability
•
•
•
•
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Sustainable: Curriculum can be implemented long-term if it is
effective.
Cost: cost will be low relative to other alternatives as
materials will be readily available at a low cost.
Ease of implementation: Enough professors to allocate for
this course, draft out the course outline, needs school’s
approval.
Effectiveness: as it is a compulsory module for all, it will be
effective to a certain extend, however, it depends on the
willingness of the students to learn about sustainability.
Less
favorable
More
favorable

34. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Solid Waste
Management
Composting is organic matter that has been
decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil
amendment
Components need for composting:
Carbon — for energy; the microbial oxidation of
carbon produces the heat, if included at suggested
levels
High carbon materials tend to be brown and dry.
Nitrogen — to grow and reproduce more organisms to
oxidize the carbon.
Oxygen — for oxidizing the carbon, the decomposition
process.
Water — in the right amounts to maintain activity
without causing anaerobic conditions.

35. Alternatives 3 Campus Wide Master Planning
Solid Waste
Management
Sustainability
•
•
•
•
Less
favorable
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Sustainability: Composting of organic waste is a long
term solution with relative to landfills and
continuous incineration.
Cost: low cost. Separating waste into organic and
inorganic will need the purchase of new bins.
Ease of implementation: Composting facilities will
need to be built if composting will be carried out.
Effectiveness: Composting organic material is a very
effective way of reducing the overall environmental
impact
More
favorable

36. Conclusion
Sustainability
1
Cost
Ease of
Implementation
Effectiveness
Virtual Sustainable Campus
2
3
Carbon Credits
Campus Wide Master
Planning
Recommend a paradigm shift towards a Virtual Sustainable Campus in phases
5 Years Campus Wide Master Plan
Avoid buying carbon offset credits unless NTU could not meet the standards

37. Conclusion
In light of our 4 decision criteria, we strongly recommend
that NTU adopt both our Master Plan and a paradigm
shift towards a Virtual Sustainable Campus in phases so
as to achieve our carbon-neutral target - Energy
consumption in buildings of 50 kWh/m2/yr*.
In addition, we recommend utilising the triple bottom
line (people, profit, planet) to track the effectiveness of
our recommendations.

38. Executive Summary
Main Issues:
Carbon Dioxide emission is harmful and damaging not just to the environment but to us as well. As an
educational institution, NTU must become a sustainable model and spearhead efforts to achieve
environmental sustainability on multiple fronts such as reducing carbon dioxide emission and electrical
consumption.
Recommendations:
This presentation was commissioned to review and compare various alternatives to achieve environmental
sustainability. We strongly recommend that NTU adopt both our Master Plan and a paradigm shift towards a
Virtual Sustainable Campus in phases so as to achieve our carbon-neutral target - Energy consumption in
buildings of 50 kWh/m2/yr*. In addition, we can utilise the triple bottom line (people, profit, planet) to track
the effectiveness of our recommendations.
Benefits:
1. Our recommendations addresses the 2 major source of carbon emission - Transport and electrical
consumption
2. Our recommendations provides a sustainable platform to Inculcate green values to our current and newer
generations
3. In the long run, by emphasizing on the need to preserve our planet, our recommendations will also help to
create a more inclusive and people oriented society