1. . Summary Predominant leadership style among all student groups: Transformational with MES also scoring in equivalent ranges on transactional leadership. The Hogan Empathy Scale demonstrated small to moderate significant statistical correlations with MLQ items. Junior level students scores demonstrated a small correlation between MLQ & Hogan while Senior level student scores demonstrated a small correlation with both EETS and Hogan Scores. The RN-BSN students demonstrated a strong direct correlation between EETS score and the MLQ category “idealized influence, attributed” while the MES a group demonstrated several strong correlations with Hogan. Future Research Larger sample to include student nurses from other universities and colleges. Exploration of faculty leadership styles and empathy levels. Exploration of the leadership styles and empathy levels of students in other healthcare and administrative fields. Development, implementation and evaluation of empathy enhancement teaching strategies. Exploring the Relationship Between Empathy and Leadership Styles in Student Nurses T. Ray Coe, MSN, RN, CNAA, MHA, FACHE; Mary Gunther, PhD, RN; Linda Mefford, PhD, RN; and Ginger Evans, APN, MS, MSN The University of Tennessee College of Nursing, Knoxville Theoretical Frameworks Full-range leadership Emotional intelligence Multidimensional empathy Full-range Leadership Theory (Avoilio & Bass, 1991) Construct denote three typologies of leadership behavior: - transformational - transactional - passive/avoidant (laissez-faire) Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 1998) Managing feelings so that they are expressed appropriately and effectively, enabling people to work together smoothly toward common goals - necessary for effective leadership - key characteristic – empathy Multidimensional Aspects of Empathy (Kunyk & Olson, 2001) Conceptualizations Components Human trait Cognitive Professional state Affective Communication process Moral Caring Special relationship Goals of the Study Provide information regarding leadership styles and empathy levels of current student nurses. Explore possible correlation between leadership styles and empathy levels. Potential to identify possible components of a future empathy enhancement program. Meet the need to educate future leaders as identified within the nursing literature. Research Questions Is there a difference in the predominant leadership style in junior level BSN students, senior level BSN students, RN-BSN students, and Master’s entry students? How are leadership style and empathy levels related in nursing students? Subjects: Nursing Students Undergraduate juniors 92 Undergraduate seniors 86 RN to BSN students 12 Master’s entry students 15 Voluntary anonymous participation No incentives No perceived risks or adverse effects Benefit may result from increase self-awareness Instruments Hogan Empathy Scale (Empathetic Attitude) Measures an individual’s perception of the emotional lives of others Produces a numeric score ranging from 0 – 39 with higher scores indicating greater levels of empathy Emotional Empathetic Tendency Scale (Personal Empathy) Measures a caregiver’s inborn characteristics Produces a numeric empathy score ranging from -132 to +132 with higher positive scores indicating greater level of trait empathy Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Leadership Style) Measures leadership style behaviors Produces numeric scores for 9 subscales of 3 leadership styles Data Analysis Determination of predominant leadership style using descriptive statistics for the results of the leadership style inventory (MLQ-5x). Assess differences in leadership style between groups by performing an independent sample t-test. Assess the relationship of leadership style and empathy levels by performing Pearson Correlation Coefficients of the results on all 3 instruments for the combined sample and each of the 4 subgroups. Contacts T. Ray Coe, MSN, RN, CNAA, MHA, FACHE, [email_address] Mary Gunther, PhD, RN, [email_address] Linda Mefford, PhD, RN, [email_address] Ginger Evans, APN, MS, MSN, [email_address] Findings Predominant Leadership Styles Comparison of Empathy Scores by Group
![. Summary Predominant leadership style among all student groups: Transformational with MES also scoring in equivalent ranges on transactional leadership. The Hogan Empathy Scale demonstrated small to moderate significant statistical correlations with MLQ items. Junior level students scores demonstrated a small correlation between MLQ & Hogan while Senior level student scores demonstrated a small correlation with both EETS and Hogan Scores. The RN-BSN students demonstrated a strong direct correlation between EETS score and the MLQ category “idealized influence, attributed” while the MES a group demonstrated several strong correlations with Hogan. Future Research Larger sample to include student nurses from other universities and colleges. Exploration of faculty leadership styles and empathy levels. Exploration of the leadership styles and empathy levels of students in other healthcare and administrative fields. Development, implementation and evaluation of empathy enhancement teaching strategies. Exploring the Relationship Between Empathy and Leadership Styles in Student Nurses T. Ray Coe, MSN, RN, CNAA, MHA, FACHE; Mary Gunther, PhD, RN; Linda Mefford, PhD, RN; and Ginger Evans, APN, MS, MSN The University of Tennessee College of Nursing, Knoxville Theoretical Frameworks Full-range leadership Emotional intelligence Multidimensional empathy Full-range Leadership Theory (Avoilio & Bass, 1991) Construct denote three typologies of leadership behavior: - transformational - transactional - passive/avoidant (laissez-faire) Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, 1998) Managing feelings so that they are expressed appropriately and effectively, enabling people to work together smoothly toward common goals - necessary for effective leadership - key characteristic – empathy Multidimensional Aspects of Empathy (Kunyk & Olson, 2001) Conceptualizations Components Human trait Cognitive Professional state Affective Communication process Moral Caring Special relationship Goals of the Study Provide information regarding leadership styles and empathy levels of current student nurses. Explore possible correlation between leadership styles and empathy levels. Potential to identify possible components of a future empathy enhancement program. Meet the need to educate future leaders as identified within the nursing literature. Research Questions Is there a difference in the predominant leadership style in junior level BSN students, senior level BSN students, RN-BSN students, and Master’s entry students? How are leadership style and empathy levels related in nursing students? Subjects: Nursing Students Undergraduate juniors 92 Undergraduate seniors 86 RN to BSN students 12 Master’s entry students 15 Voluntary anonymous participation No incentives No perceived risks or adverse effects Benefit may result from increase self-awareness Instruments Hogan Empathy Scale (Empathetic Attitude) Measures an individual’s perception of the emotional lives of others Produces a numeric score ranging from 0 – 39 with higher scores indicating greater levels of empathy Emotional Empathetic Tendency Scale (Personal Empathy) Measures a caregiver’s inborn characteristics Produces a numeric empathy score ranging from -132 to +132 with higher positive scores indicating greater level of trait empathy Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Leadership Style) Measures leadership style behaviors Produces numeric scores for 9 subscales of 3 leadership styles Data Analysis Determination of predominant leadership style using descriptive statistics for the results of the leadership style inventory (MLQ-5x). Assess differences in leadership style between groups by performing an independent sample t-test. Assess the relationship of leadership style and empathy levels by performing Pearson Correlation Coefficients of the results on all 3 instruments for the combined sample and each of the 4 subgroups. Contacts T. Ray Coe, MSN, RN, CNAA, MHA, FACHE, [email_address] Mary Gunther, PhD, RN, [email_address] Linda Mefford, PhD, RN, [email_address] Ginger Evans, APN, MS, MSN, [email_address] Findings Predominant Leadership Styles Comparison of Empathy Scores by Group](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/empathy-and-leadership-styles-in-student-nurses-120388914484500-2/85/Empathy-And-Leadership-Styles-In-Student-Nurses-1-320.jpg)
