2. BY
Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf
Soil & Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Agriculture, Rawalakot.

3.  (Greek: eutrophia—healthy, adequate nutrition,
development; German: Eutrophie) is the addition
of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates
and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to
an aquatic system.

4.  Natural runoff of
nutrients from soil and weathering of rocks
inorganic fertilizers
Manures from farms
 Erosion
 Discharge of detergents
 Discharge of partially treated or untreated sewage
 Domestic and industrial waste
 Animal wastes and sediments entering into water

5. Two types of Eutrophication
 Natural Eutrophication
 Cultural Eutrophication

6.  The process of water bodies aging characterized
by nutrient enrichment due to natural reasons is
natural eutrophication. During this process the
micro plants like algae, which initially grows in
lakes & streams add further nutrients in lakes in
their dying phase.
 This helps in growth of micro plant like water
hyacinth which further increase nutrient in death
phase.

7.  In this way oligotrophic lake is converted into
eutrophic lake. It permits the production of
phytoplankton,algal blooms & aquatic vegetation.
 In initial phase there is no deficiency of oxygen but
in lateral phase dissolved oxygen is depleted
causing death of aquatic animals

8.  Its the process that speeds up natural
eutrophication because of human activities.it is
caused by increased nutrients input into water
bodies.
 These results in excessive growth of plant known
as algal bloom.
 this reduced amount of dissolved oxygen in water
and cause animal and plant death.

9.  Species diversity decreased
 Turbidity increases
 Anoxic conditions may develop
 Depletion in oxygen
 Loss of desirable fish species
 Decrease in perceived aesthetic value of water
bodies

10. *Waste water must be treated before its discharged into
water
*algal bloom should be removed upon death
*physiochemical methods can be adopted to remove
dissolved nutrients e.g. phosphorus can be removed by
precipitation
*by direct killing of aquatic plant e.g. cuso4